Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction

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==Laws and regulations==
In July 2001, a new law  maintained the status of illegality for using or possessing any drug for personal use without authorization.  The offense was changed from a criminal one, with prison as a possible punishment, to an administrative one if the amount possessed was no more than a ten-day supply of that substance.<ref name="Emdrug"/>  This was in line with the de facto Portuguese drug policy before the reform. Drug addicts were then to be aggressively targeted with [[Drug therapy|therapy]] or community service rather than fines or waivers.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/823257.stm "Portugal legalizes drug use"]. BBC News. 7 July 2000. Retrieved 21 August 2009.</ref> Even if there are no criminal penalties, these changes did not legalize drug use in Portugal. Possession has remained prohibited by Portuguese law, and criminal penalties are still applied to drug growers, dealers and traffickers.<ref name="Hughes1">{{Citation|first1=Caitlin |last1=Hughes |first2=Alex |last2=Stevens |title=The Effects of Decriminalization of Drug Use in Portugal |url=http://www.beckleyfoundation.org/bib/doc/bf/2007_Caitlin_211672_1.pdf |series=Briefing Paper 14 |date=December 2007 |place=Oxford |publisher=Beckley Foundation |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426030351/http://www.beckleyfoundation.org/bib/doc/bf/2007_Caitlin_211672_1.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2015 }}</ref><ref name="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime" /> Despite this, the law was still associated with a nearly 50% decrease in convictions and imprisonments of drug traffickers from 2001 to 2015.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Laqueur|first1=Hannah|title=Uses and Abuses of Drug Decriminalization in Portugal|journal=Law & Social Inquiry|date=June 2015|volume=40|issue=3|pages=746–781|doi=10.1111/lsi.12104|citeseerx=10.1.1.957.7277|s2cid=9431572}}</ref>

===Regulation===
Individuals found in possession of small quantities of drugs are issued [[summons]]. The drugs are confiscated, and the suspect is interviewed by a "Commission for the Dissuasion of Drug Addiction" (Comissões para a Dissuasão da Toxicodependência – CDT). These commissions are made up of three people: A social worker, a psychiatrist, and an attorney.<ref name="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">{{Cite book | author = United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime | year = 2009 | url = https://archive.org/details/worlddrugreport20000unse/page/174 | format = PDF | title = Confronting unintended consequences: Drug control and the criminal black market | journal = World Drug Report | isbn = 978-92-1-148240-9 | publisher = United Nations | page = [https://archive.org/details/worlddrugreport20000unse/page/174 174] }}</ref><ref name="Hammond 2009-06-18">{{cite news | first=Claudia | last=Hammond | title=Lisbon's light-touch drugs policy | date=18 June 2009 | url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/8106689.stm | work=BBC News | access-date = 24 August 2009 }}</ref> The dissuasion commission have powers comparable to an arbitration committee, but restricted to cases involving drug use or possession of small amounts of drugs. There is one CDT in each of Portugal's 18 districts.

The committees have a broad range of sanctions available to them when ruling on the drug use offence.  These include:
* Fines, ranging from €25 to €150.  These figures are based on the Portuguese minimum wage of about €485 (Banco de Portugal, 2001) and translate into hours of work lost.
* Suspension of the right to practice if the user has a licensed profession (e.g. medical doctor, taxi driver) and may endanger another person or someone's possessions.
* Ban on visiting certain places (e.g. specific clubbing venues).
* Ban on associating with specific other persons.
* Foreign travel ban.
* Requirement to report periodically to the committee.
* Withdrawal of the right to carry a gun.
* Confiscation of personal possessions.
* Cessation of subsidies or allowances that a person receives from a public agency.

If the person is addicted to drugs, they may be admitted to a [[drug rehabilitation]] facility or be given community service, if the dissuasion committee finds that this better serves the purpose of keeping the offender out of trouble. The committee cannot mandate compulsory treatment, although its orientation is to induce addicts to enter and remain in treatment.  The committee has the explicit power to suspend sanctions conditional upon voluntary entry into treatment. If the offender is not addicted to drugs, or unwilling to submit to treatment or community service, he or she may be given a fine.<ref name="Emdrug"/><ref name="Reason">{{cite journal|title=Drug Decriminalization in Portugal|journal=Reason|first=Nick|last=Gillespie|volume=2009|issue=July|url=http://www.reason.com/news/show/133856.html|access-date=24 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815093403/http://www.reason.com/news/show/133856.html|archive-date=15 August 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Easton 2009-07-01">{{cite news | first=Mark | last=Easton | title=How Portugal treats drug addicts | date=1 July 2009 | url =https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/markeaston/2009/07/how_portugal_treats_drug_addic.html | work=BBC News | access-date = 24 August 2009 }}</ref><ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal|jstor=1049733|title=Decriminalization of Drug Use in Portugal: The Development of a Policy|last1=Loo|first1=Mirjam van het|last2=Van Beusekom|first2=Ineke|last3=Kahan|first3=James P.|journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science|year=2002|volume=582|pages=49–63|doi=10.1177/000271620258200104|s2cid=145433349}}</ref>

Return to Drug policy of Portugal.

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drug_policy_of_Portugal&action=edit§ion=7

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Legality of Cannabis by U.S. Jurisdiction