| Lygaeoidea | |
|---|---|
| |
| Spilostethus pandurus (Lygaeidae) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Infraorder: | Pentatomomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Lygaeoidea Schilling, 1829 |
The Lygaeoidea are a sizeable superfamily of true bugs, containing seed bugs and allies, in the order Hemiptera. There are about 16 families and more than 4,600 described species in Lygaeoidea, found worldwide. Most feed on seeds or sap, but a few are predators.[1][2][3]
The ash-gray leaf bug family (Piesmatidae) is generally considered a member of the superfamily Lygaeoidea, but in the past it was sometimes placed in its own superfamily.[1][4][5][3][2][6]
Families[edit]
These 16 families belong to the superfamily Lygaeoidea. The majority of them were considered to be part of the family Lygaeidae before Thomas J. Henry's work was published in 1997.[1][7]
- Artheneidae Stål, 1872
- Berytidae Fieber, 1851 (stilt bugs)
- Blissidae Stål, 1862
- Colobathristidae Stal, 1865
- Cryptorhamphidae
- Cymidae Baerensprung, 1860
- Geocoridae Baerensprung, 1860 (big-eyed bugs)
- Heterogastridae Stål, 1872
- Lygaeidae Schilling, 1829 (seed bugs)
- Malcidae Stål, 1865
- Meschiidae Malipatil, 2013
- Ninidae Barber, 1956
- Oxycarenidae Stål, 1862
- Pachygronthidae Stål, 1865
- Piesmatidae Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (ash-gray leaf bugs)
- Rhyparochromidae Amyot & Serville, 1843 (dirt-colored seed bugs)
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Dellapé, Pablo M.; Henry, Thomas J. (2021). "Lygaeoidea Species File". Retrieved 2021-10-04.
- ^ a b "Lygaeoidea superfamily Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ a b "Lygaeoidea Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ Li, Min; Wang, Yanhui; Xie, Qiang; Tian, Xiaoxuan; et al. (2016). "Reanalysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) based on ribosomal, Hox and mitochondrial genes". Entomotaxonomia. 38 (2). doi:10.11680/entomotax.2016021.
- ^ Liu, Yingqi; Li, Hu; Song, Fan; Zhao, Yisheng; et al. (2019). "Higher-level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences". Systematic Entomology. 44 (4): 810–819. doi:10.1111/syen.12357. S2CID 109280554.
- ^ David A. Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (2007). "An unusual, primitive Piesmatidae (Insecta: Heteroptera) in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3611): 1–17. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2008)3611[1:AUPPIH]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86107041.
- ^ Henry, Thomas J. (1997). "Phylogenetic Analysis of Family Groups within the Infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with Emphasis on the Lygaeoidea". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 90 (3): 275–301. doi:10.1093/aesa/90.3.275.
External links[edit]
Media related to Lygaeoidea at Wikimedia Commons
