| Desulfobacterales | |
|---|---|
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| Stromatolites next to a volcanic lake, found to harbor abundant Desulfobacterales | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | Waite et al. 2020
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| Order: | Desulfobacterales Kuever, Rainey & Widdel 2006
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| Families | |
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See text | |
Desulfobacterales are an order of sulfate-reducing bacteria within the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria.[1] The order contains three families; Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and Nitrospinaceae.[2] The bacterium in this order are strict anaerobic respirators, using sulfate or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. Desulfobacterales can degrade ethanol, molecular hydrogen, organic acids, and small hydrocarbons.[3][4] The bacterium of this order have a wide ecological range and play important environmental roles in symbiotic relationships and nutrient cycling.
Habitat[edit]
Desulfobacterales are found globally and often in extreme environments, such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs, marine sediment, and solfataric fields, an area of volcanic venting that gives off sulfurous gases.[5][6]
Symbiotic relationships[edit]
Sulfate-reduction by Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae in coastal marine sediments plays an important role in molecular hydrogen cycling through a close relationship with fermenting microorganisms.[7] Fermenting microbes break down organic materials on the seafloor and produce molecular oxygen and organic acids. Molecular hydrogen is an essential electron donor used by Desulfobacterales; they use the molecular hydrogen produced by fermentation to drive sulfate reduction. This feedback loop maintains molecular hydrogen at an energetically favorable level for fermenting respiration and provides ample molecular hydrogen for sulfate reduction.[7]
Nitrogen cycling[edit]
Human activity, such as increased fertilizer use, has caused nitrogen pollution in inland and coastal waters. An influx of nitrogen inputs into aquatic ecosystems can cause negative effects such as eutrophication, resulting in anoxic conditions.[8] Desulfobacterales are important in nitrogen pollution mitigation in coastal mangrove ecosystems through nitrate reduction.[9] Nitrate is reduced by Desulfobacterales species via dissimilatory nitrate reduction genes. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction accounts for roughly 75.7–85.9% of nitrate reduction in mangrove ecosystems.[9] Dissimilatory nitrate reduction is important because nitrate is reduced to ammonium, which can then be taken up by other microorganisms and plants in the system.[9]
Phylogeny[edit]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[10] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[11]
| 16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[12][13][14] | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[15][16][17] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Waite, David W; Chuvochina, Maria; Pelikan, Claus; Parks, Donovan H; Yilmaz, Pelin; Wagner, Michael; Loy, Alexander; Naganuma, Takeshi; Nakai, Ryosuke; Whitman, William B; Hahn, Martin W; Kuever, Jan; Hugenholtz, PhilipYR 2020 (2020). "Proposal to reclassify the proteobacterial classes Deltaproteobacteria and Oligoflexia, and the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria into four phyla reflecting major functional capabilities". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (11): 5972–6016. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004213. ISSN 1466-5034. PMID 33151140. S2CID 226257730.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "ITIS - Report: Desulfobacterales". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ^ Govil, Tanvi; Rathinam, Navanietha K.; Salem, David R.; Sani, Rajesh K. (2019-01-01), Das, Surajit; Dash, Hirak Ranjan (eds.), "Chapter 35 - Taxonomical Diversity of Extremophiles in the Deep Biosphere", Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era, Academic Press, pp. 631–656, ISBN 978-0-12-814849-5, retrieved 2022-11-06
- ^ Marozava, Sviatlana; Mouttaki, Housna; Müller, Hubert; Laban, Nidal Abu; Probst, Alexander J.; Meckenstock, Rainer U. (2018-02-01). "Anaerobic degradation of 1-methylnaphthalene by a member of the Thermoanaerobacteraceae contained in an iron-reducing enrichment culture". Biodegradation. 29 (1): 23–39. doi:10.1007/s10532-017-9811-z. ISSN 1572-9729. PMC 5773621. PMID 29177812.
- ^ "solfatara | geology". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-11-06.
- ^ Saini, Rashmi; Kapoor, Rupam; Kumar, Rita; Siddiqi, T. O.; Kumar, Anil (2011-11-01). "CO2 utilizing microbes — A comprehensive review". Biotechnology Advances. 29 (6): 949–960. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.009. ISSN 0734-9750. PMID 21856405.
- ^ a b Dyksma, Stefan; Pjevac, Petra; Ovanesov, Kin; Mussmann, Marc (February 2018). "Evidence for H 2 consumption by uncultured Desulfobacterales in coastal sediments: H 2 -consuming sulfate reducers in coastal sediments". Environmental Microbiology. 20 (2): 450–461. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13880. PMID 28772023. S2CID 44713600.
- ^ Camargo, Julio A.; Alonso, Álvaro (2006-08-01). "Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment". Environment International. 32 (6): 831–849. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.002. hdl:10261/294824. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 16781774.
- ^ a b c Nie, Shiqing; Zhang, Zufan; Mo, Shuming; Li, Jinhui; He, Sheng; Kashif, Muhammad; Liang, Zhengwu; Shen, Peihong; Yan, Bing; Jiang, Chengjian (2021-05-15). "Desulfobacterales stimulates nitrate reduction in the mangrove ecosystem of a subtropical gulf". Science of the Total Environment. 769: 144562. Bibcode:2021ScTEn.769n4562N. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144562. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 33460836. S2CID 231641138.
- ^ A.C. Parte; et al. "Desulfobacterales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ Sayers; et al. "Desulfobacterales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.