| Cicadomorpha Temporal range: Upper Permian to Holocene
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| A Magicicada species cicada | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Cicadomorpha Evans, 1946 |
| Extant superfamilies | |
| Synonyms | |
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Clypeorrhyncha Sorensen et al., 1995 | |
Cicadomorpha[1] is an infraorder of the insect order Hemiptera which contains the cicadas, leafhoppers, treehoppers, and spittlebugs. There are approximately 35,000 described species worldwide. Distributed worldwide, all members of this group are plant-feeders, and many produce either audible sounds or substrate vibrations as a form of communication. The earliest fossils of cicadomorphs first appear during the Late Permian.
Classification[edit]
Some authors use the name Clypeorrhyncha (from the Latin clypeus and the Greek ῥύγχος rhúnkhos, 'shielded nose') as a replacement for the extant Cicadomorpha.[2] Nymphs of many Cicadomorphans coat themselves with secretions from specialized Malphigian tubules. They are never coated with hydrophobic wax as seen in the nymphs of Fulgoromorpha. Most Cicadomorphas have a filter chamber in their mid-gut which helps remove excess water from the xylem or phloem sap that they feed on.[3]
Of the three extant superfamilies within the Cicadomorpha, molecular phylogeny studies have placed Membracoidea as a sister group to a clade containing Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea. Within these superfamilies, not all deep phylogeny questions have been resolved.[4]
Modified after Szwedo, 2018.[5]
- †Infraorder Prosbolopsemorpha Szwedo, 2018
- Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea Becker-Migdisova, 1946
- Family † Prosbolopseidae Becker-Migdisova, 1946 (Permian)
- Superfamily † Pereborioidea Zalessky, 1930
- † Curvicubitidae Hong, 1984 (Triassic)
- † Ignotalidae Riek, 1973 (Permian-Triassic)
- † Pereboriidae Zalessky, 1930 (Permian-Triassic)
- Superfamily †Dysmorphoptiloidea Handlirsch, 1906
- †Dysmorphoptilidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Permian- Jurassic)
- †Eoscarterellidae Evans, 1956 (Permian-Triassic)
- †Magnacicadiidae Hong & Chen, 1981 (Triassic)
- Superfamily † Palaeontinoidea Handlirsch, 1906
- † Dunstaniidae Tillyard, 1916 (Permian–Jurassic)
- † Mesogereonidae Tillyard, 1921 (Triassic)
- † Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- Superfamily † Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956
- † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956; Triassic
- † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992 (Triassic)
- Superfamily † Prosbolopseoidea Becker-Migdisova, 1946
- Clade Clypeata Qadri, 1967
- Superfamily Cercopoidea Westwood, 1838
- Superfamily Cicadoidea Latreille, 1802
- Superfamily †Hylicelloidea Evans, 1956
- † Chiliocyclidae Evans, 1956; Triassic
- † Hylicellidae Evans, 1956 (Triassic–Cretaceous)
- † Mesojabloniidae Storozhenko, 1992 (Triassic)
- † Minlagerrontidae Chen, Szwedo and Wang, 2019 (Cretaceous)
- Superfamily Membracoidea Rafinesque, 1815
References[edit]
- ^ Evans JW (1946) A natural classification of leaf-hoppers (Jassoidea, Homoptera). Part 1. External morphology and systematic position. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 96 (3): 47–60.
- ^ Sorensen, J. T.; Campbell, B. C.; Gill, R. J.; Steffen-Campbell, J. D. (1995). "Non-monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha ("Homoptera"), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications within pre-Heteropterodea Hemiptera (S. L.) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders". The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 71 (1): 31–60.
- ^ C. H. Dietrich in Resh, V. H. & Carde, R. T. (Eds.) 2003 Encyclopedia of Insects. Academic Press.
- ^ Cryan, Jason R. (2005). "Molecular phylogeny of Cicadomorpha (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadoidea, Cercopoidea and Membracoidea): adding evidence to the controversy". Systematic Entomology. 30 (4): 563–574. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2004.00285.x.
- ^ Szwedo, Jacek (June 2016). "The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 107 (2–3): 109–128. doi:10.1017/S175569101700038X. ISSN 1755-6910.
| Authority control databases: National |
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