The Philippines was liberated by the Allied Powers in 1945 and the acts of the Second Republic were nullified; elected representatives who survived the war and were not interned for collaboration with the Japanese served until those who won in elections that were held in 1946 took office.
Paras, Corazon L. (2000). The Presidents of the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines. ISBN 971-8832-24-6.
Pobre, Cesar P. (2000). Philippine Legislature: 100 Years. ISBN 971-92245-0-9.
Teehankee, Julio (2002). "Electoral Politics in the Philippines"(PDF). In Croissant, Aurel (ed.). Electoral Politics in Southeast and East Asia. Singapore: Fiedrich-Ebert-Siftung. pp. 149–202 – via quezon.ph.