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Sukabumi Regency
Kabupaten Sukabumi
Regency
Regional transcription(s)
 • Sundaneseᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮊᮘᮥᮙᮤ
Clockwise, from top left : Karanghawu Beach, Streetscape of Pelabuhan Ratu, Cikaso waterfall, Pelabuhan Ratu Bay
Flag of Sukabumi Regency
Flag
Coat of arms of Sukabumi Regency
Coat of arms
Motto(s): 
Gemah Ripah Loh Jinawi
ᮌᮨᮙᮂ ᮛᮤᮕᮂ ᮜᮧᮂ ᮏᮤᮔᮝᮤ
Prosperous, Serene, Abundantly Fertile
Location within West Java
Location within West Java
Sukabumi Regency is located in Java
Sukabumi Regency
Sukabumi Regency
Location in Java and Indonesia
Sukabumi Regency is located in Indonesia
Sukabumi Regency
Sukabumi Regency
Sukabumi Regency (Indonesia)
Coordinates: 6°59′19″S 106°33′03″E / 6.9886°S 106.5508°E / -6.9886; 106.5508
CountryIndonesia
ProvinceWest Java
Consolidated1 June 1921
Anniversary Day1 October 1945
Regency seatPalabuhanratu
Administrative divisions47 Districts
386 Villages
Government
 • RegentMarwan Hamami
 • Vice RegentIyos Somantri
Area
 • Total4,164.15 km2 (1,607.79 sq mi)
Highest elevation
3,019 m (9,905 ft)
Lowest elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (mid 2023 estimate)
 • Total2,802,404
 • Density670/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
 [1]
Time zoneUTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)
Postal code(s)
431xx, 433xx
Area code+62 266
Vehicle registrationF
HDIIncrease 0.644 (Medium)
Websitesukabumikab.go.id

Sukabumi Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Sukabumi; Sundanese: ᮊᮘᮥᮕᮒᮦᮔ᮪ ᮞᮥᮊᮘᮥᮙᮤ) is a regency (kabupaten) in southwestern Java, as part of West Java province of Indonesia. The regency seat is located in Palabuhan Ratu, a coastal district facing the Indian Ocean. The regency fully encircles the administratively separated city of Sukabumi. Covering an area of 4,164.15 km2, the regency is the largest regency in West Java and the second largest regency on Java after the Banyuwangi Regency in East Java. The regency had a population of 2,341,409 at the 2010 census[2] and 2,725,450 at the 2020 census;[3] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 2,802,404 (comprising 1,421,474 males and 1,380,930 females),[1] with a large proportion of it living in the northeastern part of the regency that encircles Sukabumi City, south of Mount Gede. A plan to create a new regency, the putative North Sukabumi Regency, is currently waiting for the approval of the central government, which has been deferred until the end of the current morotorium on new creations of regencies.[4]

Sukabumi is strategically located south of Jabodetabek (the Jakarta Metropolitan Area) and west of the Bandung Metro, two largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Geologically, the regency is at the western end of the Cimandiri Fault, which splits the northern plateau from the southern hilly areas.[5][6][7] Its southern region is less populated and contains a high level of biodiversity and significant geological heritage, acknowledged in 2015 by UNESCO with the declaration of Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark located in the southwestern coast of the regency.[8][9][10][11]

History[edit]

Early history[edit]

The area around Sukabumi was already inhabited at least in the 11th century. The first written record found in this area was the Sanghyang Tapak inscription in Cibadak District, 20 km west of Sukabumi. Written in Kawi script, the stone tells about the prohibition of fishing activity in the nearby river by the authorities of the Sunda Kingdom.[12] Another written record found is the undeciphered Pasir Datar Inscription in the Cicantayan District.

After the fall of Sunda Kingdom in 1579, most of present-day Sukabumi Regency was under the control of Sumedang Larang, while the area west of Mount Gede was controlled by the Banten Sultanate. In 1620, King Aria Suriadiwangsa of Sumedang Larang declared his kingdom as part of Mataram Sultanate.[13][14][15] During this era, Dipati Ukur, the local ruler of present-day Bandung revolted against Mataram after the failed Siege of Batavia. The revolt triggered migration of people from Sumedang Larang to move and settle the area around Palabuhanratu and Jampang to protect themselves from the approaching Mataram troops.[16][17]

After Sultan Agung died in 1645, the Priangan region slowly broke away from Mataram influence.[18] In 1674, Trunajaya rebellion started in Madura and greatly weakened Mataram.[19] Sukabumi, which was still a part of Cianjur, declared itself independent from Mataram under the leadership of Wiratanu I in 1677, when Trunajaya forces sacked the Plered Palace in Mataram's capital.[20][21][22] The Sultanate itself was officially ceded Priangan region west of Citarum to the VOC on October 20, 1677, by an unequal treaty between Amangkurat II and Maetsuycker, as a compensation for Dutch assistance to quell the Trunajaya rebellion.[23][24][25][26] By that time, there were only few rural Sundanese settlements existed, one of the largest was Cikole.[27] Under the leadership of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten tried to reclaim Priangan between 1677 and 1683 via an invasion of Cianjur, however his effort was ultimately failed when Banten descended into civil war between Ageng and his crown prince Abdul Kahhar.[14][20][28][29]

Colonial era[edit]

The inland and coastal areas of Sukabumi were first explored by Europeans at the end of the 17th century, when VOC planned to open plantations throughout Priangan.[30][31] The first Dutch expedition was led in 1687 by Pieter Scipio van Oostende into the remnant of Pakuan and ended on Wijnkoopsbaai (present-day Palabuhanratu).[32][33] The next expeditions were led by Adolf Winkler in 1690,[34] and governor-general Abraham van Riebeeck in 1703, 1704, and 1709. In the 1709 expedition Van Riebeeck passed through Mount Gede and visited southern Sukabumi to check on the progress of coffee cultivation in that area.[35][36] One of the first coffee plantation opened by Van Riebeeck was located in present-day Gunungguruh District.[37] The first coffee harvest was officially sent on April 14, 1711, by Tjiandjoer regent Wiratanu III.[38] In 1723, The coffee plantation areas in Sukabumi were grown, along with the enlargement of Tjiandjoer Regency during the administration of Hendrick Zwaardecroon.[39][40][41]

Formation[edit]

The regency was originally carved out from the colonial era-Tjianjoer Regency. It was then part of the Priangan Residency (Residentie Preanger Regentschappen). In 1776, the regent of Tjianjoer Wiratanu Datar VI created a kepatihan (viceregency) named Tjikole Viceregency which consisted of the districts of Goenoengparang, Tjimahi, Tjiheoelang, Tjitjoeroeg, Djampangtengah and Djampangkoelon, with its administrative center in Tjikole (now part of Sukabumi).

On January 13, 1815, under the British rule, the Tjikole Viceregency was renamed as Soekaboemi Viceregency. The name Soekaboemi was proposed by a Dutch surgeon and plantation owner named Dr. Andries de Wilde, who owned a plantation and resided in the viceregency. The origin of the name came from the combination of two Sanskrit words, Soeka (happiness, likely) and Boemi (earth, land). Thus Soekaboemi could be translated as "Likable Land".

In 1921, by the decree of Governor General Dirk Fock, Tjiandjoer Regency was divided into two regencies, Tjiandjoer and Soekaboemi regencies, effective from June 1, 1921.[42] The first regent of Soekaboemi was R. A. A. Soerianatabrata, who also held position as Sukabumi's last viceregent. He held this position until 1930.[43] From 1926 to 1931, Soekaboemi served as the capital of the short-lived West Priangan Residency.[44][45]

Geography[edit]

The regency borders the Cianjur Regency in the east, Bogor Regency in the north, Lebak Regency (of Banten Province) in the west, and the Indian Ocean in the south.

Beaches[edit]

Along the southern coast of the regency there are several beaches such as Pasir Putih Beach (Cipanarikan estuary), Pangumbahan Beach (also known as Turtle Beach), Cibuaya Beach and Ujunggenteng Beach. Batununggul Beach is suitable for surfing with average wave height approximately 3 meters in dry season, but only 1 meter in rainy season.[46]

Waterfalls[edit]

The 120-meters Caweni Waterfall is located only 200 metres from Cidolog road, about 70 kilometres south of Sukabumi and about 25 kilometres from Sagaranten District.[47]

The Cikaso Waterfall (Ciniti Waterfall) is located in Jampang Kulon district, 1.5 hours drive (70 kilometres) from Sukabumi City. The waterfall height is 80 metres; it consists of 3 waterfalls, from left to right Asepan Waterfall, Meong Waterfall and Aki Waterfall.[48]

Culture[edit]

Sukabumi, with Cianjur, is a part of the western Parahyangan cultural region, a fertile mountainous region of West Java which is home to the Sundanese people.

Traditional festivities[edit]

The local people hold the Ocean Fiesta every year on 5 April in Pelabuhan Ratu Beach. There is also Ngabungbang tradition in Cisukawayana river estuary on every full moon of each month in early morning. Ngabungbang or Mass ritual bath is a pre-Islamic tradition since 175-205 BC when King Hyang Brahma ruled Medang Gali (Galuh) Kingdom and continued by Prabu Siliwangi from Sunda Kingdom until now.[49]

Administrative districts[edit]

As at 2021, Sukabumi Regency is divided into forty-seven districts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 census[2] and the 2020 census,[3] together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.[1] These exclude the further seven districts which are within the city of Sukabumi (and thus administratively outside the regency). The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centres, the number of villages in each district (totaling 381 rural desa and 5 urban kelurahan), and its postal code.

Kode
Wilayah		 Name of
District
(kecamatan)		 Area
in
km2		 Pop'n
2010
census		 Pop'n
2020
census		 Pop'n
mid 2023
estimate		 Admin
centre (a)		 No. of
villages		 Post
code
32.02.22 Ciemas (b) 304.48 48,081 55,837 57,362 Tamanjaya 9 43177
32.02.26 Ciracap 148.53 47,495 56,073 57,881 Ciracap 8 43176
32.02.20 Waluran 98.82 25,951 30,788 31,826 Waluran 6 43175
32.02.24 Surade 119.34 72,083 82,173 83,964 Surade 12 (c) 43179
32.02.25 Cibitung 88.84 25,066 29,766 30,778 Cibitung 6 43172
32.02.21 Jampang Kulon 62.59 41,396 47,498 48,625 Jampang Kulon 11 (c) 43170
32.02.46 Cimanggu 62.58 22,104 26,214 27,094 Cimanggu 6 43178
32.02.23 Kalibunder 86.08 27,175 31,758 32,685 Kalibunder 7 43185
32.02.45 Tegalbuleud 255.54 33,443 36,550 36,892 Tegalbuleud 8 43186
32.02.43 Cidolog 95.73 17,518 17,607 17,345 Mekarjaya 5 43184
32.02.41 Sagaranten 113.02 47,309 53,198 54,142 Sagaranten 12 43181
32.02.44 Cidadap 85.81 18,663 19,877 19,913 Padasenang 6 43183
32.02.42 Curugkembar 55.87 28,463 31,322 31,678 Curugkembar 7 43182
32.02.37 Pabuaran 115.70 39,590 44,621 45,443 Pabuaran 7 43173
32.02.07 Lengkong 146.51 29,222 33,436 34,201 Lengkong 5 43174
32.02.01 Palabuhanratu 91.77 96,675 115,813 120,054 Palabuhanratu 10 (c) 43364
32.02.02 Simpenan 167.93 48,281 57,978 60,143 Cidadap 7 43361
32.02.09 Warungkiara 94.97 55,045 65,266 67,454 Warungkiara 12 43362
32.02.04 Bantargadung 76.01 35,234 41,319 42,568 Bojonggaling 7 43363
32.02.08 Jampang Tengah 198.49 63,012 71,007 72,312 Jampang Tengah 11 43171
32.02.38 Purabaya 116.02 39,486 44,816 45,734 Purabaya 7 43187
32.02.10 Cikembar * 89.84 79,303 94,692 98,066 Cikembar 10 43157
32.02.39 Nyalindung 104.38 46,167 52,357 53,418 Nyalindung 10 43196
32.02.40 Gegerbitung * 67.65 36,511 42,383 43,535 Gegerbitung 7 43197 (d)
32.02.33 Sukaraja * 42.00 77,015 94,057 98,048 Sukaraja 9 43192
32.02.34 Kebonpedes 10.83 27,097 33,505 35,053 Kebonpedes 5 43194
32.02.35 Cireunghas * 30.72 31,359 36,160 37,071 Cireunghas 5 43193
32.02.36 Sukalarang * 30.90 41,777 50,559 52,565 Cimangkok 6 43191
32.02.32 Sukabumi
(district) *		 29.91 46,251 51,505 52,271 Warnasari 6 43151
32.02.30 Kadudampit 69.99 50,319 58,687 60,365 Kadudampit 9 43153
32.02.29 Cisaat * 21.49 113,929 129,643 132,399 Cisaat 13 43152 (e)
32.02.27 Gununggurah * 26.31 48,099 56,764 58,587 Gunungguruh 7 43156
32.02.11 Cibadak * 63.06 107,623 122,288 124,835 Cibadak 10 (c) 43351
32.02.28 Cicantayan * 34.80 52,716 60,990 62,587 Cicantayan 8 43155
32.02.31 Caringin * 36.54 43,258 51,235 52,936 Caringin Wetan 9 43154
32.02.12 Nagrak * 71.19 77,782 90,297 92,757 Nagrak Selatan 10 43352
32.02.47 Ciambar * 53.46 36,771 43,253 44,600 Ciambar 6 43356
32.02.16 Cicurug * 52.16 123,088 137,019 139,041 Cicurug 13 (c) 43359
32.02.17 Cidahu * 35.30 60,567 74,010 77,163 Jayabakti 8 43358
32.02.15 Parakansalak * 36.88 39,409 45,911 47,208 Parakansalak 6 43355
32.02.13 Parungkuda * 24.01 69,224 78,035 79,477 Sundawenang 8 43357
32.02.14 Bojonggenteng * 20.37 34,900 40,533 41,641 Bojonggenteng 5 43353
32.02.18 Kalapanunggal * 49.37 44,587 52,731 54,458 Kalapanunggal 7 43354
32.02.06 Cikidang * 155.01 55,863 68,841 71,950 Cikidang 12 43367
32.02.05 Cisolok 173.47 62,076 76,235 79,599 Cisolok 13 43366
32.02.03 Cikakak 113.14 37,400 45,316 47,131 Sukamaju 9 43365
32.02.19 Kabandungan * 136.67 37,036 45,527 47,549 Kabandungan 6 43368
Totals 4,164.15 2,341,409 2,725,450 2,802,404 Palabuhanratu 386

Notes: (a) Of the 47 district capitals, 5 are classed as urban kelurahan (Surade, Palabuhanratu, Cibadak, Cicurug and Jampang Kulon) while the other 42 are rated as rural desa. These 5 are the only kelurahan in the regency.
(b) Ciemas District includes five small offshore islands - Pulau Gotor, Pulau Karanghantu, Pulau Kunti, Pulau Mandra and Pulau Manuk.
(c) including one kelurahan (the district administrative centre). (d) except the village of Caringin, with a post code of 43154.
(e) except the village of Nagrak, with a post code of 43132, and the village of Sukasari, with a post code of 43134.
The creation of a new North Sukabumi Regency (Kabupaten Sukabumi Utara), a proposal under consideration by the Indonesian Parliament since 2013 but currently deferred, would comprise 21 of the above districts from the existing Sukabumi Regency. These 21 districts are indicated by asterisks (*) in the above table.

References[edit]

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  46. ^ Batununggul Beach
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External links[edit]

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukabumi_Regency

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