| Pluteus salicinus | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Pluteaceae |
| Genus: | Pluteus |
| Species: | P. salicinus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pluteus salicinus | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
|
Agaricus salicinus Pers. (1798) | |
Pluteus salicinus | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is convex or flat |
 | Hymenium is free |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is pink |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is psychoactive or edible |
Pluteus salicinus is a European psychedelic mushroom that grows on wood. It is an edible mushroom after parboiling.[2]
Taxonomy[edit]
The species was originally described by Christian Hendrik Persoon as Agaricus salicinus in 1798.[3] Paul Kummer transferred it to the genus Pluteus in 1871.[4]
Description[edit]
- Cap: 2 — 5(8) cm in diameter, convex becoming broadly convex to plane, silver-gray to brownish-gray, often with blue or greenish tint in age, smooth, with tiny scales near the center, darker at the margin, slightly translucent-striate when moist, unlined cap margin, flesh white with a grayish tinge, thin to moderate. Cap skin fibrous.
- Gills: Crowded, broad, free, at first white, becoming pink-flesh colored; ventricose. Edges discoloring or bruising grayish.
- Stipe: 3 — 5(10) long, 0.2 — 0.6 cm thick, more or less equal or slightly swollen at the base, flesh white with grayish-green to bluish-green tones, especially near the base. Ring absent. Firm, full or stuffed.
- Taste: Unpleasant, indefinite or somewhat raphanoid (like radish).
- Odor: Unpleasant, indefinite or somewhat raphanoid.
- Spores: pink, smooth, 7 — 8.5 x 5 - 6 µm. Spore print pink-flesh colored to brown-pink.
- Microscopic features: Pleurocystidia fusiform with slightly thickened walls 50 — 70 x 11 — 18 µm; with 3 — 5 horn-like projections.
Habitat and distribution[edit]
This mushroom is widely distributed across western Europe and Siberia. It is found on hardwoods - Alnus, Eucalyptus, Fagus, Populus and Quercus.[5]
It is always found growing on wood. Summer-fall, solitary or gregarious on dead wood of hardwoods, in damp forests on flood-plains.
Common name[edit]
The 'knackers crumpet' is a localised, common name referring to Pluteus salicinus. Its use is most prominent in the North of England.
Chemistry[edit]
The concentration of psilocybin and psilocin in the dried sample of P. salicinus has been reported in the range of 0.21-0.35 and 0.011-0.05%, respectively.[6][7]
See also[edit]
-
Pluteus salicinus microscopic features.
References[edit]
- ^ "Pluteus salicinus (Pers.) P. Kumm. 1871". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
- ^ Konuk, Muhsin; Afyon, Ahmet; Yağız, Dursun (September 2006). "Chemical composition of some naturally growing and edible mushrooms" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 38 (3): 799–804. ISSN 0556-3321.
- ^ Icones et Descriptiones Fungorum Minus Cognitorum (in Latin). Vol. 1. Leipzig, Germany: Breitkopf-Haertel. 1798. pp. 1–26.
- ^ Kummer P. (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde (in German) (1 ed.). Zerbst, Germany: C. Luppe. p. 99.
- ^ Justo, Alfredo (2014). "Molecular phylogeny and phylogeography of Holarctic species of Pluteus section Pluteus (Agaricales: Pluteaceae), with description of twelve new species" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 180: 1. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.180.1.1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.
- ^ Christiansen, A. L.; Rasmussen, K. E.; Høiland, K. (August 1984). "Detection of psilocybin and psilocin in Norwegian species of Pluteus and Conocybe". Planta Medica. 50 (4): 341–343. doi:10.1055/s-2007-969726. PMID 17340325.
- ^ Ohenoja, E.; Jokiranta, J.; Mäkinen, T.; Kaikkonen, A.; Airaksinen, M. M. (Jul–Aug 1987). "The occurrence of psilocybin and psilocin in Finnish fungi". Journal of Natural Products. 50 (4): 741–744. doi:10.1021/np50052a030. PMID 3430170.
- Stamets, Paul (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-9610798-0-0.
External links[edit]
Media related to Pluteus salicinus at Wikimedia Commons