| Parthenium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Parthenium hysterophorus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae |
| Tribe: | Heliantheae |
| Subtribe: | Ambrosiinae |
| Genus: | Parthenium L. |
| Type species | |
| Parthenium hysterophorus[1][2] | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
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Parthenium is a genus of North American annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, and shrubs in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae and subfamily Asteroideae.[4][2][3][5]
The name Parthenium is an evolution of the Ancient Greek name παρθένιον (parthenion), which referred to Tanacetum parthenium.[6][7][8] The name is possibly derived from the Greek word παρθένος (parthenos) which means "virgin".[5]
Members of the genus are commonly known as feverfew.[9] Notable species include guayule (P. argentatum) which has been used as a rubber substitute, especially during the Second World War;[10] and also P. hysterophorus, a serious invasive species in the Old World.[11]
Species[edit]
These include:[3]
- Parthenium alpinum (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray – Arkansas River feverfew - NM CO WY
- Parthenium argentatum A.Gray – Guayule - TX, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
- Parthenium cineraceum Rollins - Bolivia, Paraguay
- Parthenium confertum A.Gray – Gray's feverfew - AZ NM TX Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Tamaulipas
- Parthenium fruticosum Less. - from Tamaulipas to Chiapas
- Parthenium hysterophorus L. – Santa Maria feverfew, whitetop weed - widespread in North + South America; as an invasive species in India, Australia, and Africa
- Parthenium incanum Kunth – mariola - NV UT AZ NM TX Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Hidalgo, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas
- Parthenium integrifolium L. – American feverfew, wild quinine - from TX to MA + MN
- Parthenium ligulatum (M.E. Jones) Barneby – Colorado feverfew - CO UT
- Parthenium rollinsianum Rzed. - San Luis Potosí
- Parthenium schottii Greenm. ex Millsp. & Chase - Yucatán
- Parthenium tomentosum DC. - Oaxaca, Puebla
Importance[edit]
In North America, the Jicarilla Apache people used Parthenium incanum for medicine (Opler 1946: 8). The sap of guayule (P. argentatum) is a source of natural rubber.[12] Parthenium hysterophorus is a common invasive species in India, Australia, and parts of Africa. Its pollen can cause allergies and the sap is toxic.
Gallery[edit]
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Wild quinine (Parthenium integrifolium)
References[edit]
- ^ lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. fl. n. U.S., ed. 2. 3: 464 (1913)
- ^ a b "Parthenium". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
- ^ a b c Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-12-27 at archive.today
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 988 in Latin
- ^ a b Strother, John L. "Parthenium". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2011-08-09 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940). "παρθένιον". A Greek-English Lexicon. Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 2019-07-03 – via the Perseus Project.
- ^ Dioscorides, Pedanius (2000). Materia Medica. Johannesburg, South Africa: Ibidis Press. p. 556.
- ^ Dioscorides, Pedanius (1829). Sprengel, Curtius (ed.). De Materia Medica. Leipzig. p. 484.
- ^ "Parthenium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
- ^ Ray, D.T. 1993. Guayule: A source of natural rubber. p. 338-343. In: J. Janick and J.E. Simon (eds.), New crops. Wiley, New York.
- ^ "Parthenium hysterophorus (herb)". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2010-10-04. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
- ^ Ray, Dennis T. (1993). J. Janick; J.E. Simon (eds.). "Guayule: A source of natural rubber". New crops. New York: Wiley: 338–343.
- Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
- Opler, Morris E. (1946). Childhood and youth in Jicarilla Apache society. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Fund (Vol. 5). Los Angeles: The Southwest Museum Administrator of the Fund.
Further information[edit]
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Invasive Species Compendium (2019-02-26). Parthenium in Malaysia. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13.
Media related to Parthenium at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Parthenium at Wikispecies
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