Protocadherin-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDH15 gene.[5][6][7]
Function[edit]
This gene is a member of the cadherin superfamily. Family members encode integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. The protein product of this gene consists of a signal peptide, 11 extracellular calcium-binding domains, a transmembrane domain and a unique cytoplasmic domain. It plays an essential role in maintenance of normal retinal and cochlear function.[7] It is thought to interact with CDH23 to form tip-link filaments.[8]
Clinical significance[edit]
Mutations in this gene have been associated with hearing loss, which is consistent with its location at the Usher syndrome type 1F (USH1F) critical region on chromosome 10.[7] Variation within it has also been found to be associated with normal differences in human facial appearance.[9]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150275 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000052613 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S, Bernstein SL, Ahmed Z, Khan S, Griffith AJ, et al. (July 2001). "Mutations of the protocadherin gene PCDH15 cause Usher syndrome type 1F". American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1086/321277. PMC 1226045. PMID 11398101.
- ^ Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S, Ahmad J, Bernstein SL, Guo Y, Sabar MF, et al. (December 2003). "PCDH15 is expressed in the neurosensory epithelium of the eye and ear and mutant alleles are responsible for both USH1F and DFNB23". Human Molecular Genetics. 12 (24): 3215–23. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg358. PMID 14570705. S2CID 14028314.
- ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: PCDH15 protocadherin 15".
- ^ Kazmierczak P, Sakaguchi H, Tokita J, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Milligan RA, Müller U, Kachar B (September 2007). "Cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 interact to form tip-link filaments in sensory hair cells". Nature. 449 (7158): 87–91. Bibcode:2007Natur.449...87K. doi:10.1038/nature06091. PMID 17805295. S2CID 4414814.
- ^ Crouch DJ, Winney B, Koppen WP, Christmas WJ, Hutnik K, Day T, et al. (January 2018). "Genetics of the human face: Identification of large-effect single gene variants". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (4): E676–E685. Bibcode:2018PNAS..115E.676C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1708207114. PMC 5789906. PMID 29301965.
Further reading[edit]
- Alagramam KN, Murcia CL, Kwon HY, Pawlowski KS, Wright CG, Woychik RP (January 2001). "The mouse Ames waltzer hearing-loss mutant is caused by mutation of Pcdh15, a novel protocadherin gene". Nature Genetics. 27 (1): 99–102. doi:10.1038/83837. PMID 11138007. S2CID 32444699.
- Alagramam KN, Yuan H, Kuehn MH, Murcia CL, Wayne S, Srisailpathy CR, et al. (August 2001). "Mutations in the novel protocadherin PCDH15 cause Usher syndrome type 1F". Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (16): 1709–18. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.16.1709. PMID 11487575.
- Ben-Yosef T, Ness SL, Madeo AC, Bar-Lev A, Wolfman JH, Ahmed ZM, et al. (April 2003). "A mutation of PCDH15 among Ashkenazi Jews with the type 1 Usher syndrome". The New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (17): 1664–70. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa021502. PMID 12711741.
- Zheng QY, Yan D, Ouyang XM, Du LL, Yu H, Chang B, et al. (January 2005). "Digenic inheritance of deafness caused by mutations in genes encoding cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 in mice and humans". Human Molecular Genetics. 14 (1): 103–11. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi010. PMC 2858222. PMID 15537665.
- Ouyang XM, Yan D, Du LL, Hejtmancik JF, Jacobson SG, Nance WE, et al. (March 2005). "Characterization of Usher syndrome type I gene mutations in an Usher syndrome patient population". Human Genetics. 116 (4): 292–9. doi:10.1007/s00439-004-1227-2. PMID 15660226. S2CID 22812718.
- Roux AF, Faugère V, Le Guédard S, Pallares-Ruiz N, Vielle A, Chambert S, et al. (September 2006). "Survey of the frequency of USH1 gene mutations in a cohort of Usher patients shows the importance of cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 genes and establishes a detection rate of above 90%". Journal of Medical Genetics. 43 (9): 763–8. doi:10.1136/jmg.2006.041954. PMC 2564578. PMID 16679490.
- Zheng QY, Yu H, Washington JL, Kisley LB, Kikkawa YS, Pawlowski KS, et al. (September 2006). "A new spontaneous mutation in the mouse protocadherin 15 gene". Hearing Research. 219 (1–2): 110–20. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2006.06.010. PMC 2855306. PMID 16887306.
- Le Guédard S, Faugère V, Malcolm S, Claustres M, Roux AF (January 2007). "Large genomic rearrangements within the PCDH15 gene are a significant cause of USH1F syndrome". Molecular Vision. 13: 102–7. PMC 2533038. PMID 17277737.
External links[edit]
- GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Usher Syndrome Type I
- PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Protocadherin-15 (PCDH15)