Nguyễn Phú Trọng (Vietnamese pronunciation: [ŋwiən˦ˀ˥ fu˧˦ t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]; born 14 April 1944) is a Vietnamese politician who has served as general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam since 2011. As the head of the party's Secretariat, Politburo and Central Military Commission, Trọng is Vietnam's paramount leader.[1] He also previously served as president of Vietnam from 2018 to 2021.
Trọng joined the Communist Party in 1968, and rose through the section devoted to political work. He later joined the party's Central Committee in 1994, its Politburo in 1997 and Vietnam's National Assembly in 2002. Between 2000 and 2006, he was the Party committee secretary of Hanoi, effectively the city's highest-ranking position. He was then chairman of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011.
He was elected general secretary at the party's 11th National Congress in 2011 and re-elected at the 12th National Congress in 2016. During his leadership, he has pursued a wide anti-corruption campaign, implicating numerous senior officials. He became president in 2018 following the death of President Trần Đại Quang, becoming the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after Hồ Chí Minh (in North Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh. At the 13th National Congress in 2021, he was reelected as general secretary becoming the third leader of Vietnam to secure a third term (after Hồ Chí Minh and Lê Duẩn), and was succeeded by Nguyễn Xuân Phúc as president.
Early life and career[edit]
Nguyễn Phú Trọng was born in Đông Hội Commune, Đông Anh district of Hanoi in 1944. His official biography gives his family background only as "average peasant".[2] He studied philology and earned his Bachelor degree in philology at Vietnam National University, Hanoi from 1963 to 1967. Nguyễn Phú Trọng officially became a member of the Communist Party of Vietnam in December 1968.
He worked for the Tạp chí Cộng Sản (Communist Review), the theoretical and political agency of the Communist Party of Vietnam (formerly the Labor Party) in the periods of 1968–1973, 1976–1981 and 1983–1996. From 1973 to 1976, he underwent a political-economic post-graduate course at the High-level Nguyễn Ái Quốc Party School (now the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration). From 1991 to 1996, he served as the editor-in-chief of the Tạp chí Cộng Sản. Nguyễn Phú Trọng went to the Soviet Union in 1981 to study at the Academy of Sciences and received a Candidate of Sciences degree in history in 1983.[3] In 1998, Nguyễn Phú Trọng entered the party section devoted to political work, making him one of the most prominent Vietnamese political theoreticians, heading the party Central Committee's Theoretical Council in charge of the party's theoretical work from 2001 to 2006.
Nguyễn Phú Trọng has been member of the party's Central Committee since January 1994, member of the party's Politburo since December 1997 and deputy to the National Assembly since May 2002. From January 2000 to June 2006, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was secretary of the party's Executive Committee of Hanoi, the de facto head of the city authority. On 26 June 2006, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected as the Chairman of the National Assembly.[4] During this period, he was elected secretary of the party organization in the National Assembly and member of the Council for Defence and Security. On 23 October 2018, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected as the 10th President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in a seasonal meeting of National Assembly.[5]
General Secretaryship[edit]
First term (2011—2016)[edit]
Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2011 at the 11th National Congress, making him the top leader of Vietnam.[6][7][8][9] The 5th plenum of the 11th Central Committee decided to take the Central Steering Committee for Anti-Corruption away from the Prime Minister's control and Nguyễn Phú Trọng was elected its head.[10][11]
On October 11, 2011, he made his first visit to China as General Secretary. According to the VNA, Hu Jintao and Nguyễn Phú Trọng both agreed to avoid complicating the situation in the South China Sea and calmly handle disagreements through peaceful negotiations. Vice President of China Xi Jinping came to Vietnam to concretize the results and common perceptions that the leaders of Vietnam - China raised when Mr. Trong came to China during his previous visit in October. In 2015, Mr. Trọng paid a visit to China. According to the VNA, the two leaders emphasized continuing efforts to well implement the motto "friendly neighbourliness, comprehensive cooperation, long-term stability, towards the future." future" and the spirit of "good neighbours, good friends, good comrades, good partners," always firmly grasping the development direction of Vietnam-China relations.
In 2012, he urged the CPV to adopt Resolution No. 12, which called for party building and self-criticism amongst party officials, calling them to lead by example and be held accountable for corruption and waste.[12] Afterwards, the Central Steering Committee on Anti-corruption was directly placed under the administration of the Politburo. He further passed the Decision 244 of the CPV, establishing a formalized process of political succession and restricting the ability of CPV delegates to select new Central Committee members by requiring the outgoing Central Committee to approve the candidates. It also prohibited Politburo members from nominating Central Committee candidates without support from the Politburo.[12]
On 6 July 2015, General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng arrived in the United States to begin his United States visit to July 10, 2015. This visit coincided with the milestone of twenty years since the United States and Vietnam normalized diplomatic relations. The talks with President Barack Obama were about human rights, security and defense and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[13][14] Trọng is the first Vietnamese party chief has a state visit to the United States. He also met Vice President Biden and former President Clinton.[15] At a talk at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, he spoke frankly about democracy in Vietnam with American scholars. [16]
Second term (2016—2021)[edit]
On 27 January 2016, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary by the 1st Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee.[17][18] At 72 years old, he was the 12th Committee's oldest member. For this term, Nguyễn Phú Trọng is ranked number one in the Politburo, marking a return to normality.
In his second term, Trọng launched a large anti-corruption campaign, with the Politburo taking disciplinary actions against 110 senior Party members between 2017 and 2020, including three Politburo members, one former Politburo member, 10 Central Committee members and 17 former Central Committee members. Some of the disciplinary actions included criminal charges.[12]
Presidency (2018-2021)[edit]
On 3 October 2018, following the death of President Trần Đại Quang, the Central Committee of the CPV formally nominated Nguyễn Phú Trọng for the presidency, which was voted on at a subsequent session of the National Assembly, where the party holds an overwhelming majority.[19][20] This made Trọng the third person to simultaneously head the party and state after Hồ Chí Minh (in North Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh. The National Assembly elected Nguyễn Phú Trọng as the 10th president on October 23, 2018 with 99.79% percent of the vote in a meeting of the sixth session of the National Assembly. His swearing-in ceremony took place at the Grand Hall and was broadcast live on the afternoon on state radio and television systems.[21]
In 2019, Vietnam was chosen to host the 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit. [22] Trọng met two leaders as a neutral host state leader. [23][24]
On 14 April 2019, it was reported that Nguyễn Phú Trọng had been rushed to the Chợ Rẫy Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City after visiting Kiên Giang, according to overseas news sources.[25] He was rumoured to have suffered a stroke.[26] The Vietnamese government initially had no comment on the subject matter, but later confirmed from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam that he was "unwell, but will soon return to work".[27] He reappeared on May 14, 2019 to discuss about the upcoming Party Congress.[28]
Third term (2021—present)[edit]
On 31 January 2021, Nguyễn Phú Trọng was re-elected as General Secretary for a third term by the 1st Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee, making him the first leader since Lê Duẩn (1969-1986) to serve more than two terms.[18][29] On 1 February 2021, Nguyễn Phú Trọng attended a press conference. Nguyễn Phú Trọng said I am not in great health [...] I am old and I want to rest, but the Congress has elected me so I will comply with my duty to serve as a party member.[30] Trọng was the third person to be elected as CPV general secretary for a third term, with the others being Hồ Chí Minh and Lê Duẩn.
The National Assembly on 2 April 2021 voted to relieve Nguyễn Phú Trọng's presidency with 91.25% of the vote. Nguyễn Phú Trọng remains de facto top leader in the country, serving as the General Secretary of the Communist Party.[31] He was succeeded by Nguyễn Xuân Phúc.
In 2022, between October 30 and November 2, Trọng visited China and met Chinese Communist Party (CCP) general secretary Xi Jinping, becoming the first foreign leader to meet Xi after he secured a third term in the 20th CCP National Congress.[32] Both leaders released a joint statement, calling for cooperation in economic, political, defense and security areas and working together in “the fight against terrorism, ‘peaceful evolution’, ‘colour revolution’ and the politicisation of human rights issues”.[32]
In January 2023, Phúc resigned from the presidency due to corruption scandals, leading Trọng's ally Võ Văn Thưởng to succeed him in March.[33]
When the Russo-Ukrainian War broke out, Vietnam maintained a neutral stance. Vietnam has abstained from voting at most United Nations voting sessions.[34][35] On 21 - 23 May 2023, deputy chairman of Russia's Security Council, Dmitry Medvedev, visited Vietnam and met with Nguyễn Phú Trọng. They discussed the strengthening of ties between Russia and Vietnam and the current international situation.[36]
During a visit to Vietnam on 10 September 2023, U.S. president Joe Biden visited with Nguyễn Phú Trọng, with the Vietnamese government upgrading the relationship between the countries to that of a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, the highest awarded by Vietnam.[37][38]
Political positions[edit]
Ideologically, Trọng is considered to be coming from the more conservative Marxist–Leninist faction within the CPV.[39] He has long railed against some party members' loss of "Marxist–Leninist virtue".[40] Trọng has stated that "a country without discipline would be chaotic and unstable [...]. [W]e need to balance democracy and law and order"[41]
Personal life[edit]
Nguyễn Phú Trọng is married to Ngô Thị Mân.[42] He has one daughter and one son,[43][44] both of whom work as Government employees.[45]
Honours[edit]
State honours[edit]
China: Friendship Medal (31 October 2022)[46]
Cuba: Order of José Martí (9 April 2012)[47]
Laos: National Gold Medal (5 September 2007)[48]
Other honours[edit]
Communist Party of the Russian Federation: Lenin Prize (15 December 2021)[49]
Published works[edit]
Books[edit]
- Nguyen Phu Trong (2004). Viet Nam on The Path of Renewal (Việt Nam Trong Tiến Trình Đổi Mới). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 351 p.[50]
- Nguyen Phu Trong (2015). Renewal in Việt Nam: Theory and Reality (Đổi Mới ở Việt Nam: Lý thuyết và thực tiễn). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 397 p.[51]
- Nguyen Phu Trong; Tran Dinh Nghiem; Vu Hien (1995). Vietnam from 1986 (Việt Nam từ năm 1986). Hanoi: Thế giới Publishers. 116 p.[52]
- Nguyen Phu Trong (2019) Determined to prevent and fight corruption (Quyết tâm ngăn chặn và đẩy lùi tham nhũng), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 380 p.[53]
- Nguyen Phu Trong (2021) Bringing the country into a new phase in a united and confident manner (Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới), Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 752 p.[54]
- Nguyen Phu Trong (2021) The whole Party and people join hands and unite to build our country more and more prosperous and happy (Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc). Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher (2021), 608 p.[55]
- Nguyen Phu Trong (2023) Resolutely and persistently fight against corruption and negativity, contributing to building an increasingly clean and strong Party and State (Kiên quyết, kiên trì đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực, góp phần xây dựng Đảng và Nhà nước ta ngày càng trong sạch, vững mạnh. Hanoi: Truth National Political Publisher, 600 p.[56]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Vietnam Communist Party boss Nguyen Phu Trong re-elected". BBC News. 27 January 2016.
- ^ "Biography of Party General Secretary, President Nguyễn Phú Trọng". vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
- ^ Нгуен Фу Чонг - Деятельность Коммунистической партии Вьетнама по укреплению ее связи с массами на современном этапе : с учетом опыта КПСС : диссертация ... кандидата исторических наук : 07.00.14 - Search RSL. search.rsl.ru (Thesis) (in Russian). 1983. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Vietnam confirms new leadership", BBC, June 27, 2006.
- ^ Van, Yves Dam (23 October 2018). "Vietnam parliament elects Communist Party chief as president". AP NEWS. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
- ^ Vietnam: Foreign Policy and Government Guide International Business Publications, USA. – 2007– Page 8 "General Secretary Nông Ðức Mạnh – President Nguyễn Minh Triết – Prime Minister Nguyễn Tấn Dũng – National Assembly Chairman Nguyễn Phú Trọng"
- ^ "Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party Chief", Vietnam News Agency, January 19, 2011.
- ^ "Nguyen Phu Trong elected Party General Secretary Archived 2019-04-04 at the Wayback Machine", Nhan Dan, January 19, 2011.
- ^ "Party Congress announces CPVCC Politburo members", VGP News, January 19, 2011
- ^ (in Vietnamese) "Tổng Bí thư sẽ làm Trưởng Ban Chỉ đạo phòng, chống tham nhũng Archived 2012-09-12 at the Wayback Machine", Pháp luật & Xã hội, May 16, 2012.
- ^ "Party Central Committee's conference concludes", VOV Online, May 15, 2012.
- ^ a b c Tran, Quynh (26 February 2021). "The Rise and Rise of Nguyen Phu Trong". The Diplomat. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ "Tổng thống Obama tiếp TBT Nguyễn Phú Trọng tại phòng Bầu dục ở Nhà trắng". Radio Free Asia (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 18 May 2018.
- ^ "Vietnam Communist party chief to make first US trip". US news. Associated Press. 4 July 2015.
- ^ "Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng thăm gia đình cựu tổng thống Bill Clinton". Tuổi trẻ online. 11 July 2015.
- ^ "Tổng bí thư thẳng thắn về dân chủ với học giả Mỹ". Zingnews. 9 July 2015.
- ^ Xuxin, ed. (27 January 2016). "Nguyen Phu Trong re-elected as Vietnam's communist party chief". Xinhua News Agency. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ a b "Biography of Nguyen Phu Trong, General Secretary of 13th Party Central Committee". en.nhandan.com.vn. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ Trung ương giới thiệu Tổng bí thư để bầu làm Chủ tịch nước, translation: Central Committee introduce the General secretary to become new President
- ^ Vietnam nominates party chief as new president, Reuters, October 3, 2018
- ^ Phan, Anh (23 October 2018). "It's official: Party chief Trong is Vietnam's new president". VnExpress International. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
- ^ 이해아 (6 February 2019). "Trump: U.S.-N. Korea summit to be held in Vietnam Feb. 27-28". Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- ^ "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng tiếp Tổng thống Donald Trump". Báo Điện tử Chính phủ. 27 February 2019.
- ^ "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng hội đàm với Chủ tịch Triều Tiên Kim Jong Un". Báo Điện tử Chính phủ. 1 March 2019.
- ^ "Sức khoẻ của TBT Nguyễn Phú Trọng không còn là bí mật 100%". BBC News Tiếng Việt (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 27 June 2019.
- ^ "Vietnam Says President to Return to Work Soon Following Health Worry". Bloomberg News. 25 April 2019.
- ^ "Bộ Ngoại Giao nói về sức khoẻ của Tổng bí thư". VnExpress. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ "Tổng bí thư trở lại làm việc và kỳ vọng "lò nóng, củi gộc'". Zing News. 15 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
- ^ "Vietnam ruling Communist Party chief Trong re-elected for third term". Reuters. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ Vietnam’s Congress ends with focus on growth, graft fight and managing US-China ties - South China Morning Post(02/04/2021)
- ^ "Vietnam's National Assembly relieves President Nguyen Phu Trong (Vietnamese)". vnexpress.net.
- ^ a b Shi, Jiangtao (2 November 2022). "China, Vietnam vow closer ties, to 'manage' South China Sea dispute in joint focus on external challenges". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ Onishi, Tomoya (3 March 2023). "New Vietnam president moves party chief Trong closer to one-man rule". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ "Ukraine: Kiên định với lá phiếu trắng, lập trường của Việt Nam có bị chất vấn?". BBC NEWS Tiếng Việt. 15 November 2022.
- ^ "Ý kiến: Việt Nam tiếp tục bỏ phiếu trắng tại LHQ để tránh 'phật lòng cường quốc'". BBC NEWS Tiếng Việt. 25 February 2023.
- ^ "Party chief Trong meets United Russia leader Medvedev". VnExpress. 22 May 2023.
- ^ Bicker, Laura (10 September 2023). "US denies Cold War with China in historic Vietnam visit". BBC News. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ Bose, Nandita; Guarascio, Francesco; Hunnicutt, Trevor; Guarascio, Francesco (10 September 2023). "US and Vietnam ink historic partnership in Biden visit, with eyes on China". Reuters. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
- ^ Paddock, Richard C. (1 February 2021). "Term Limits? Not for Vietnam's Hard-Line Communist Leader". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ "The Costs of Trong's Crusade Against Corruption in Vietnam". www.worldpoliticsreview.com. 28 May 2019.
- ^ "One-party rule best for Vietnam, says leader". The Guardian. Associated Press. 28 January 2016. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ "Việt Nam chào đón Chủ tịch Tập Cận Bình" [Vietnam welcomes President Xi Jinping]. Vietnamese BBC. BBC. 5 November 2015. Archived from the original on 23 October 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng và phu nhân, bà Ngô Thị Mân[...]
[General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng and his wife, Mrs Ngô Thị Mân[...]] - ^ "Tổng Bí thư, Chủ tịch Nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "Vị Tướng" có vai trò đặc biệt trong cuộc chiến chống giặc nội xâm!" [General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng: "The General Officer" plays a special role in the fight against the internal invaders!]. phaply. 6 March 2019. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
Đám cưới con gái ruột[...]
[At his biological daughter's wedding[...]] - ^ Nguyễn, Hưng (14 September 2011). "'Ghi chức danh trên thiệp cưới là biểu hiện trục lợi'" ['Writing a title on a wedding invitation is an expression of profiting']. VNExpress. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
Cuối năm 2009, tôi [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] nhận được thiệp báo hỉ của Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng (khi ấy là Chủ tịch Quốc hội). Do không để ý đó là thiệp bảo hỉ, mở ra thấy đã qua ngày cưới của con trai ông[...]
[At the end of 2009, I [Nguyễn Minh Thuyết] received a congratulation card from General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng (formerly the Chairman of the National Assembly). Because I did not notice that was a congratulation card, I opened it and saw that it's past his son's wedding day[...]] - ^ Hoang, Thùy; Viết, Tuân (23 October 2018). "Tân Chủ tịch nước 'dành tiền lương mua công trái, gửi tiết kiệm'". VNExpress. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
Theo ông Quảng, Tổng bí thư, Chủ tịch nước Nguyễn Phú Trọng có hai người con, một gái, một trai và đều là những công chức nhà nước bình thường.
[According to Mr. Quảng, General Secretary and President of the country Nguyễn Phú Trọng has two children, one daughter and one son, and both are ordinary public servants of the Government.] - ^ "China Friendship Medal bestowed on Vietnamese Party leader". Voice of Vietnam. 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.
- ^ "Trong received Order of Jose Martí". Archived from the original on 1 August 2013.
- ^ "Laos confers noble medals to Vietnamese senior leaders". Socialist Republic of Vietnam Government News. 5 September 2007. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
- ^ "General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong received Lenin Prize (in Vietnamese)". 16 December 2021.
- ^ "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ "Welcome To NXB The Gioi". www.thegioipublishers.vn. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
- ^ Vietnam from 1986 / Nguyen Phu Trong, Tran Dinh Nghiem, Vu Hien | National Library of Australia. The Gioi Publishers. 1995 – via catalogue.nla.gov.au.
- ^ "Xuất bản cuốn sách". hanoimoi.com.vn (in Vietnamese). 11 April 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- ^ "Sách "Đoàn kết, vững tin đưa đất nước bước vào giai đoạn mới"". stbook.vn (in Vietnamese).
- ^ "Sách "Toàn Đảng, toàn dân chung sức, đồng lòng xây dựng đất nước ta ngày càng phồn vinh, hạnh phúc"" (in Vietnamese).
- ^ "Ra mắt cuốn sách của Tổng Bí thư Nguyễn Phú Trọng về đấu tranh phòng, chống tham nhũng, tiêu cực". dangcongsan.vn (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 20 January 2023.
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