| Kubachi | |
|---|---|
| гӀугъбуган ghug’bugan | |
| Native to | North Caucasus |
| Region | Dagestan |
Native speakers | 7,000 (2020)[1] |
Northeast Caucasian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ugh |
| Glottolog | kuba1248 |
Kubachi (alternatively Kubachin) is a language in the Dargin dialect continuum spoken in Dagestan, Russia, by Kubachi people.[2] It is often considered a divergent dialect of Dargwa. Ethnologue lists it as a separate language.[1]
Vowels[edit]
| Front | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pharyngealized | plain | pharyngealized | ||
| close | short | [u] у u | [uˤ] уӏ ü | ||
| long | [uː] уу uu | [uːˤ] ууӏ üü | |||
| near-close | short | [ɪ] и i | [ɪˤ] иӏ ï | ||
| long | [ɪː] ии ii | [ɪːˤ] ииӏ ïï | |||
| open-mid | short | [ɛ] е e | [ɛˤ] еӏ ë | ||
| long | [ɛː] ee ee | [ɛːˤ] eeӏ ëë | |||
| open | short | [ɑ] а a | [ɑˤ] аӏ ä | ||
| long | [ɑː] aa aa | [ɑːˤ] aaӏ ää | |||
Consonants[edit]
The glottal stop transcribed here is named rather ambiguously a "glottalic laryngeal" by both sources.
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | plain | plain | labialized | plain | labialized | plain | |||||
| Nasal | [m] м m | [n] н n | |||||||||
| Plosive | voiced | [b] б b | [d] д d | [g] г g | [gʷ] гв gw | [ʡ] гӏ ÿ | [ʔ] ъ y | ||||
| aspirated | [pʰ] п p | [tʰ] т t | [kʰ] к k | [kʰʷ] кв kw | [qʰ] къ q | [qʰʷ] къв qw | |||||
| fortis | [pː] пп pp | [tː] тт tt | [kː] кк kk | [kːʷ] ккв kkw | [qː] ккъ qq | [qːʷ] ккъв qqw | |||||
| ejective | [pʼ] пӏ pʼ | [tʼ] тӏ tʼ | [kʼ] кӏ kʼ | [kʼʷ] кӏв kʼw | [qʼ] кь qʼ | [qʼʷ] кьв qʼw | |||||
| Affricate | aspirated | [t͡sʰ] ц c | [t͡ʃʰ] ч ç | [q͡χʰ] хъ qx | [q͡χʰʷ] хъв qxw | ||||||
| fortis | [t͡sː] цц cc | [t͡ʃː] чч çç | |||||||||
| ejective | [t͡sʼ] цӏ cʼ | [t͡ʃʼ] чӏ çʼ | |||||||||
| Fricative | voiced | [z] з z | [ʒ] ж ẑ | [ʁ] гъ ĝ | [ʁʷ] гъв ĝw | [ħ] хӏ ħ | [h] гь h | ||||
| plain | [s] с s | [ʃ] ш ş | [x] хь ĵ | [xʷ] хьв ĵw | [χ] х x | [χʷ] хв xw | |||||
| fortis | [sː] сс ss | [ʃː] шш şş | [xː] ххь ĵĵ | [xːʷ] ххьв ĵĵw | [χː] хх xx | [χːʷ] ххв xxw | |||||
| Trill | [r] р r | ||||||||||
| Approximant | [w] в v | [l] л l | [j] й j | ||||||||
References[edit]
- ^ a b Kubachi at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-136-14274-1.
