In organic chemistry glycerolysis refers to any process in which chemical bonds are broken via a reaction with glycerol. The term refers almost exclusively to the transesterification reaction of glycerol with triglycerides (fats/oils) to form mixtures of monoglycerides and diglycerides. These find a variety of uses; as food emulsifiers (e.g. E471), 'low fat' cooking oils (e.g. diacylglycerol oil) and surfactants (such as monolaurin).
The transesterification process gives a complex mixture of products, however not all of these are of equivalent use.[1] This has led to the development of optimized processes able to produce better defined products; in particular by using enzymes,[2] reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide and flow chemistry.[3] The production of diglycerides (often called diacylglycerols or DAGs) have been investigated extensively due to their use in foods, with total annual sales of approximately US$200 million in Japan since its introduction in the late 1990s until 2009.[2][4]
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References[edit]
- ^ Sonntag, Norman O. V. (1982). "Glycerolysis of fats and methyl esters — Status, review and critique". Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 59 (10): 795A–802A. doi:10.1007/BF02634442. ISSN 0003-021X.
- ^ a b Phuah, Eng-Tong; Tang, Teck-Kim; Lee, Yee-Ying; Choong, Thomas Shean-Yaw; Tan, Chin-Ping; Lai, Oi-Ming (2015). "Review on the Current State of Diacylglycerol Production Using Enzymatic Approach" (PDF). Food and Bioprocess Technology. 8 (6): 1169–1186. doi:10.1007/s11947-015-1505-0. ISSN 1935-5130.
- ^ Junior, Ivaldo I.; Flores, Marcela C.; Sutili, Felipe K.; Leite, Selma G. F.; de M. Miranda, Leandro S.; Leal, Ivana C. R.; de Souza, Rodrigo O. M. A. (2012). "Lipase-Catalyzed Monostearin Synthesis under Continuous Flow Conditions". Organic Process Research & Development. 16 (5): 1098–1101. doi:10.1021/op200132y. ISSN 1083-6160.
- ^ Lo, Seong-Koon; Tan, Chin-Ping; Long, Kamariah; Yusoff, Mohd. Suria Affandi; Lai, Oi-Ming (2008). "Diacylglycerol Oil—Properties, Processes and Products: A Review" (PDF). Food and Bioprocess Technology. 1 (3): 223–233. doi:10.1007/s11947-007-0049-3. ISSN 1935-5130.