THC Science

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Summary

DescriptionThyroid hormone synthesis.png	English: Synthesis of thyroid hormones. Reference: Chapter 48, "SYNTHESIS OF THYROID HORMONES" in: Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003) Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach, Elsevier/Saunders, pp. 1,300 ISBN: 1-4160-2328-3. Explanation Thyroglobulin is synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and follows the secretory pathway to enter the colloid in the lumen of the thyroid follicle by exocytosis. Meanwhile, a sodium-iodide (Na/I) symporter pumps iodide (I^-) actively into the cell, which previously has crossed the endothelium by largely unknown mechanisms. This iodide enters the follicular lumen from the cytoplasm by the transporter pendrin, in a purportedly passive manner.^[1] In the colloid, iodide (I^-) is oxidized to iodine (I⁰) by an enzyme called thyroid peroxidase. Iodine (I⁰) is very reactive and iodinates the thyroglobulin at tyrosyl residues in its protein chain (in total containing approximately 120 tyrosyl residues). In conjugation, adjacent tyrosyl residues are paired together. The entire complex re-enters the follicular cell by endocytosis. Proteolysis by various proteases liberates thyroxine and triiodothyronine molecules, which enter the blood by largely unknown mechanisms. Additional references for details ↑ How Iodide Reaches its Site of Utilisation in the Thyroid Gland – Involvement of Solute Carrier 26A4 (Pendrin) and Solute Carrier 5A8 (Apical Iodide Transporter) - a report by Bernard A Rousset. Touch Brieflings 2007
Date	16 June 2011
Source	Mainly Own work Source image for nucleus derivative: (Public Domain license)
Author	Mikael Häggström. When using this image in external works, it may be cited as: Häggström, Mikael (2014). "Medical gallery of Mikael Häggström 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.008. ISSN 2002-4436. Public Domain. or By Mikael Häggström, used with permission.
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File history

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	Date/Time	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	04:56, 15 August 2023	3,700 × 2,316 (2.86 MB)	Mikael Häggström	Moved green arrows
	11:23, 2 April 2016	3,195 × 2,000 (2.13 MB)	Mikael Häggström	Decreased number of finished thyroid hormone molecules. Each thyroglobulin molecule contains approximately 100-120 tyrosyl (Tyrosine) residues. However, because only a small number (>20) of these tyrosine residues are subject to iodination by [[thy...
	07:00, 30 June 2015	3,195 × 2,000 (2.13 MB)	Mikael Häggström	+MCT
	16:21, 30 July 2011	1,652 × 1,034 (925 KB)	Mikael Häggström	Minor adjustment
	07:41, 17 June 2011	1,652 × 1,034 (925 KB)	Mikael Häggström	Avoided mixup between endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol of follicular cell
	07:24, 17 June 2011	1,652 × 1,034 (925 KB)	Mikael Häggström	repaired membrane again
	07:16, 17 June 2011	1,652 × 1,034 (907 KB)	Mikael Häggström	retry
	07:15, 17 June 2011	1,652 × 1,034 (907 KB)	Mikael Häggström	Small adjustment
	06:55, 17 June 2011	1,652 × 1,034 (925 KB)	Mikael Häggström	Repaired broken membrane at top right
	06:51, 17 June 2011	1,652 × 1,034 (907 KB)	Mikael Häggström	{{Information \|Description ={{en\|1=f}} \|Source ={{own}} \|Author =Mikael Häggström \|Date =f \|Permission = \|other_versions = }}