 Polish poster of Firemen's Ball by Miloš Forman | |
| Years active | 1960s |
|---|---|
| Location | Czechoslovakia |
| Major figures | Miloš Forman, Jiří Menzel, Věra Chytilová, Ivan Passer, Jan Němec, Jaromil Jireš |
| Influences | Devětsil, political liberalization of Czechoslovakia leading up to the Prague Spring |
The Czechoslovak New Wave[α] (also Czech New Wave[β]) is a term used for the Czechoslovak filmmakers who started making films in the 1960s. The directors commonly included are Miloš Forman, Věra Chytilová, Ivan Passer, Pavel Juráček, Jiří Menzel, Jan Němec, Jaromil Jireš, Evald Schorm, Hynek Bočan, Juraj Herz, Juraj Jakubisko, Štefan Uher and others. The movement was sometimes called the "Czechoslovak film miracle".
Overview[edit]
The films touched on themes which for earlier film makers in the communist countries had rarely managed to avoid the objections of the censor, such as the misguided youths of Czechoslovak society portrayed in Miloš Forman's Black Peter (1963) and Loves of a Blonde (1965), or those caught in a surrealistic whirlwind in Věra Chytilová's Daisies (1966) and Jaromil Jireš' Valerie and Her Week of Wonders (1970). The films often expressed dark and absurd humour in opposition to social realist films of the 1950s.
The Czechoslovak New Wave differed from the French New Wave in that it usually held stronger narratives, and as these directors were the children of a nationalized film industry, they had greater access to studios and state funding. They also made more adaptations, including Jaromil Jireš's adaptation of Milan Kundera's novel The Joke (1969). At the Fourth Congress of the Czechoslovak Writers Union in 1967, Milan Kundera described this wave of national cinema as an important part of the history of Czechoslovak literature.[1] Forman's The Firemen's Ball (1967), another major film of the era, remains a cult film more than four decades after its release.
Czech film[edit]
The majority of films shot during the New Wave were Czech-language as opposed to Slovak. Many directors came from the prestigious FAMU, located in Prague, while the state-run Barrandov Studios were located just on the outskirts of Prague. Some prominent Czech directors included Miloš Forman, who directed The Firemen's Ball, Black Peter, and Loves of a Blonde during this time, Věra Chytilová who is best known for her film Daisies,[2] and Jiří Menzel, whose film Closely Watched Trains (Ostře sledované vlaky 1966) won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[3][4]
Slovak film[edit]
The Shop on Main Street (1965) won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1966,[5][6] although it is not considered part of the New Wave, because it was directed by Ján Kadár and Elmar Klos, who were a generation older, and the film is fairly traditional. Juraj Jakubisko, Štefan Uher and Dušan Hanák were Slovak filmmakers who were part of the New Wave.
Key works[edit]
- The Sun in a Net by Štefan Uher (1962)[7][8]
- Something Different by Věra Chytilová (1963)
- Black Peter by Miloš Forman (1963)
- The Cassandra Cat by Vojtěch Jasný (1963)[9]
- The Cry by Jaromil Jireš (1964)
- Lemonade Joe, or The Horse Opera by Oldřich Lipský (1964)
- Diamonds of the Night by Jan Němec (1964)
- Loves of a Blonde by Miloš Forman (1965)
- Intimate Lighting by Ivan Passer (1965)
- The Shop On Main Street by Ján Kadár & Elmar Klos (1965)
- Pearls of the Deep by Jiří Menzel, Jan Němec, Evald Schorm, Věra Chytilová, Jaromil Jireš (1966)[10]
- Closely Watched Trains by Jiří Menzel (1966)
- Daisies by Věra Chytilová (1966)
- A Report on the Party and the Guests by Jan Němec (1966)
- The Firemen's Ball by Miloš Forman (1967)
- The Return of the Prodigal Son by Evald Schorm (1967)
- The Joke by Jaromil Jireš (1968)
- Capricious Summer by Jiří Menzel (1968)
- The Cremator by Juraj Herz (1969)
- Larks on a String by Jiří Menzel (1969)
- Birds, Orphans and Fools by Juraj Jakubisko (1969)
- Case for a Rookie Hangman by Pavel Juráček (1970)
- Valerie and Her Week of Wonders by Jaromil Jireš (1970)[11]
See also[edit]
- Barrandov Studios
- Cinema of the Czech Republic
- List of Czech films
- Czechoslovakia 1968 - Oscar-winning 1968 U.S. documentary short about Prague Spring
- The Unbearable Lightness of Being - 1988 Philip Kaufman film adaptation of the Milan Kundera novel about Prague Spring.
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Cook, David (1996). A History of Narrative Film. p. 706.
- ^ "DVD of the Week: "Daisies"". The New Yorker. 2 December 2013.
- ^ "Closely Watched Trains" Wins Foreign Language Film: 1968 Oscars
- ^ 1968|Oscars.org
- ^ "The Shop on Main Street" Wins Foreign Language Film: 1966 Oscars
- ^ 1966|Oscars.org
- ^ Jasmine Pogue, "Štefan Uher: The Sun in a Net (Slnko v sieti) 1963."
- ^ Alex Golden, "Štefan Uher: The Sun in a Net (Slnko v sieti) 1963."
- ^ The Criterion Channel’s December 2023 Lineup|The Criterion Collection
- ^ "Eclipse Series 32: Pearls of the Czech New Wave". The Criterion Collection.
- ^ "10 Essential Films From The Czech New Wave". Taste of Cinema.
Bibliography[edit]
- Hames, Peter (1985). The Czechoslovak New Wave. Wallflower Press. ISBN 978-1904764427.
- Škvorecký, Josef (1971). All The Bright Young Man and Women: A Personal History of the Czech Cinema. Peter Martin Assoc. ISBN 9780887781100.
- Owen, Jonathan (2011). Avant-garde to New Wave: Czechoslovak Cinema, Surrealism and the Sixties. Berghahn. ISBN 978-0857459015.
External links[edit]
- Slovak Cinema Strikes Back by Peter Hames, January 22, 2001
- Prague spring: Russian tanks in the streets and a new wave in the cinema The Guardian, 2 Dec 1999
- Czechoslovak New Wave Simon Hitchman, 2015
- Criterion Collection video on this particular cinematic New Wave
- Criterion Channel section featuring Czech New Wave films
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