Nityakarma (Sanskrit: नित्यकर्म, romanized: Nityakarma) refers to obligatory Vedic duties that are prescribed for daily practice in Hinduism.[1][2] Nityakarma is among the three ritual actions classified by the Mimamsa philosophy, along with nisiddhakarma and kamyakarma.[3] It is also featured in the Shaiva Siddhanta philosophy.[4]
Description[edit]
According to Parasara, the six activities are regarded to be nityakarmas:[5]
- Snana (bathing)
- Sandhyavandanam (morning and evening prayers)[6]
- Recitation of the Vedas
- Veneration of ancestors
- Homam (offerings to fire)[7]
- Tarpana (worship of the gods)[8]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Grimes, John A. (1 January 1996). A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English. SUNY Press. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-7914-3067-5.
- ^ Besser-Jones, Lorraine; Slote, Michael (20 February 2015). The Routledge Companion to Virtue Ethics. Routledge. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-135-09668-7.
- ^ Cush, Denise; Robinson, Catherine; York, Michael (21 August 2012). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Routledge. p. 505. ISBN 978-1-135-18979-2.
- ^ Flood, Gavin; Flood, Professor of Hindu Studies and Comparative Religion Gavin (July 2020). The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Practice. Oxford University Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-19-873350-8.
- ^ Monier-Williams, Sir Monier (1891). Brāhmanism and Hindūism: Or, Religious Thought and Life in India, as Based on the Veda and Other Sacred Books of the Hindūs. J. Murray. p. 158. ISBN 978-81-7755-873-9.
- ^ Sinha, Jadunath (1 January 2016). Indian Philosophy Volume 1. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 872. ISBN 978-81-208-3651-8.
- ^ Uskokov, Aleksandar (22 September 2022). The Philosophy of the Brahma-sutra: An Introduction. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-350-15003-4.
- ^ Madan, T. N. (3 November 2010). The T.N. Madan Omnibus: The Hindu Householder. Oxford University Press. p. 386. ISBN 978-0-19-908831-7.