Cannabis Ruderalis

thcscience_admin

Dunedin North electorate boundaries used between 2014 and 2020

Dunedin North (previously known as North Dunedin) is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was established for the 1905 election and has existed since. It was last held by David Clark of the New Zealand Labour Party, who replaced the long-standing representative Pete Hodgson. It was considered a safe Labour seat, with Labour holding the seat for all but one term (1975–1978) since 1928. In the 2020 electoral boundary review, Otago Peninsula (previously in the Dunedin South electorate) was added to the area to address a population quota shortfall; with this change the electorate was succeeded by the Dunedin electorate in the 2020 election.

Population centres[edit]

Through the City Single Electorates Act, 1903, the three-member electorates of the four main centres were split again, and this became effective at the end of the 15th Parliament and was thus used for the 1905 election. The City of Dunedin electorate was split into the Dunedin Central, Dunedin North, and Dunedin South electorates.[1][2]

Due to World War II, the 1941 census was postponed. The next census was brought forward to 1945 so that the significant changes in population since the 1936 census could be taken into consideration in a 1946 electoral redistribution prior to the scheduled 1946 general election. At the same time, the Labour government abolished the country quota. The electoral redistribution changed all 76 electorates.[3] When the draft electoral redistribution was released for consultation in early April 1946, it was proposed for the Dunedin North electorate to be abolished and most of its area was supposed to go to a re-created Chalmers electorate.[4] Based on consultation feedback, the Port Chalmers Borough became part of the Oamaru electorate. With such a geographic change, the proposed name of Chalmers electorate was no longer viable and the name changed to North Dunedin electorate instead.[5] Apart from the Port Chalmers Borough going to Oamaru, there was little change in geographic area covered when Dunedin North became North Dunedin.[6] In the 1952 electoral redistribution, the Oamaru electorate expanded further inland and its southern boundary moved north, resulting in the area north of Dunedin Harbour all going to North Dunedin.[7] In the 1957 electoral redistribution, North Dunedin became more rural in nature by expanding towards the north (the Oamaru electorate was split between North Dunedin, Otago Central and Waitaki at this point).[8]

The North Dunedin electorate was renamed Dunedin North in the 1962 electoral redistribution prior to the 1963 election. The character of the electorate changed significantly and it became urban again.[1][9] In the 1967 electoral redistribution, the North Dunedin electorate moved south, losing the Port Chalmers Borough once more to the re-established Oamaru electorate but gaining area from Dunedin Central.[10] In the 1972 electoral redistribution, Port Chalmers came back to the Dunedin North electorate.[11] There were only minor boundary changes in the 1977 electoral redistribution,[12] but a significant urban shift to the south occurred through the 1983 electoral redistribution, when the Dunedin Central electorate was subsumed by Dunedin North and Dunedin West.[13] There were further boundary changes through the 1987 electoral redistribution.[14]

The 2013 redistribution saw the electorate expand to include Palmerston, Macraes Flat, Moeraki, Hampden and Herbert-Waianakarua.[15] In its final shape from 2014 to 2020, the Dunedin North electorate covered the northern half of the city of Dunedin. It was bordered by Waitaki in the north, Dunedin South in west, south, and south-east, and the Pacific Ocean in the north-east.

The electorate covered what is the equivalent of the Waikouaiti Coast-Chalmers ward of the Dunedin City Council outside the actual urban area of Dunedin. This included the population centre of Waikouaiti, Karitane, Waitati, Seacliff, Warrington, Port Chalmers, Sawyers Bay, Roseneath, and Aramoana.

In urban Dunedin it covered most of northern, central and western Dunedin. This included the city centre and the suburbs of City Rise, Pine Hill, Dunedin North, North East Valley, Opoho, Ravensbourne, Mornington, Roslyn, Maori Hill, Leith Valley, Kaikorai Valley, Brockville, Halfway Bush, and Wakari.

Socio-economic make-up[edit]

A notable influence on voting patterns in the electorate was the location of the University of Otago and Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin North. The electorate has the highest proportion of persons aged 15 to 19 in the country, with 14.1%. It also has the highest proportion of people on a student allowance (8.8%), employed in the education and training industry (11.7%), and employed in the health care and social assistance industry (12.3%).[16]

The Dunedin North electorate has a low rate of enrolment compared to New Zealand as a whole. As of 31 May 2012, 78.4% of the estimate eligible population was enrolled to vote, compared to 92.8% nationally. The figure was brought down by the low number of people aged 18 to 24 enrolled — less than half (47.5%) of the estimated eligible population was enrolled, compared to 75.2% nationally. Enrolments of those aged 25 and over are comparable to the national averages.[17]

History[edit]

The first representative was Alfred Richard Barclay, who had previously represented the City of Dunedin electorate.[18] In the 1908 election, he was defeated by G. M. Thomson, who served for two parliamentary terms before being defeated.[19]

Barclay was succeeded by Andrew Walker representing the United Labour Party in the 1914 election. The remnants of United Labour formed the New Zealand Labour Party in 1916 and Walker became the new party's first President. He served for one parliamentary term until the 1919 election, when he was defeated by the Independent Edward Kellett. Kellett died during the parliamentary term on 15 May 1922,[20] and this caused the 1922 by-election, which was won by Jim Munro.[21]

Munro was confirmed at the 1922 general election,[21] but was defeated by Harold Tapley in the 1925 election.[22] Munro in turn defeated Tapley at the 1928 election and then served the electorate until his death on 27 May 1945.[21]

Munro's death caused the 1945 by-election, which was won by Robert Walls.[21] Walls served the electorate until his death on 6 November 1953. This caused the 1953 by-election, which was won by Ethel McMillan, who served the electorate until her retirement in 1975.

McMillan was succeeded by Richard Walls of the National Party in the 1975 election, who held the electorate for one parliamentary term before being defeated by Labour's Stan Rodger in the 1978 election. Rodger retired in 1990 and was succeeded by Pete Hodgson. Hodgson served the electorate until his retirement in 2011.[23] Hodgson was succeeded by David Clark in the 2011 election, when he beat Michael Woodhouse. In the 2014 election, Clark was again successful against Woodhouse and managed to increase his majority.[24]

In the 2019/2020 electoral boundary review, the Electoral Commission added the Otago Peninsula area to the Dunedin North electorate. The electorate's area had to grow as it 5.8% below its population quota, where the maximum allowable quota is capped to 5%. This change in area required the name of the electorate to be changed to Dunedin.[25][26]

Members of Parliament[edit]

Key

  Liberal–Labour   Independent   Reform   United Labour   Labour   Independent Labour   National   Green   ACT

Election Winner
1905 election Alfred Richard Barclay
1908 election G. M. Thomson
1911 election
1914 election Andrew Walker
1919 election Edward Kellett
1922 by-election Jim Munro
1922 election
1925 election Harold Tapley
1928 election Jim Munro
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election
1943 election
1945 by-election Robert Walls
1946 election
1949 election
1951 election
1953 by-election Ethel McMillan
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election Richard Walls
1978 election Stan Rodger
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election Pete Hodgson
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 election David Clark
2014 election
2017 election
(Electorate abolished in 2020; see Dunedin)

List MPs[edit]

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Dunedin North electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
1999 election Katherine Rich
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election Metiria Turei
Michael Woodhouse
2010 Hilary Calvert[a]
2011 election Metiria Turei
Michael Woodhouse
2014 election Metiria Turei
Michael Woodhouse
2017 election Michael Woodhouse

Election results[edit]

2017 election[edit]

2017 general election: Dunedin North[27]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY David Clark 21,259 57.48 +10.08 17,808 47.63 +15.81
National Michael Woodhouse 9,505 25.70 −4.51 10,382 27.77 −4.49
Green Niki Bould 3,053 8.25 −9.12 5,110 13.67 −9.27
Opportunities Abe Gray 1,645 4.45 — 1,535 4.11 —
NZ First Warren Voight 1,069 2.89 — 1,899 5.08 +1.67
ACT Sam Purchas 150 0.40 — 157 0.41 +0.09
Independent Adrian Daegal Graamans 71 0.19 −0.12
Independent Stan Lusby 38 0.01 −0.17
Māori Party   108 0.29 −0.06
Legalise Cannabis   89 0.24 −0.25
Conservative   60 0.16 −2.57
Ban 1080   55 0.15 −0.02
United Future   20 0.08 −0.17
People's Party   17 0.05 —
Democrats   15 0.04 −0.07
Outdoors   14 0.04 —
Mana Party   11 0.03 —
Internet   10 0.03 —
Informal votes 195 86
Total valid votes 36,985 37,385
Labour hold Majority 11,754 31.78 +11.92

2014 election[edit]

2014 general election: Dunedin North[28]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY David Clark 16,315 47.40 +3.15 11,147 31.82 −1.98
National Michael Woodhouse 10,398 30.21 −2.14 11,302 32.26 −0.13
Green Metiria Turei 5,978 17.37 −2.14 8,035 22.94 −0.45
Conservative Jonathan Daley 621 1.80 +1.80 956 2.73 +1.38
Legalise Cannabis Abe Gray 580 1.69 +0.33 172 0.49 −0.08
Internet Rob Stewart 255 0.74 +0.74
Independent Adrian Daegal Graamans 106 0.31 +0.31
Democrats Miriam Mowat 159 0.31 −0.36 37 0.11 −0.10
Independent Stan Lusby 62 0.18 +0.18
NZ First   2,364 6.75 +1.06
Internet Mana   603 1.72 +1.12[b]
Māori Party   124 0.35 −0.07
ACT   111 0.32 −0.41
United Future   86 0.25 −0.29
Ban 1080   60 0.17 +0.17
Civilian   27 0.08 +0.08
Independent Coalition   7 0.02 +0.02
Focus   1 0.00 +0.00
Informal votes 216 99
Total valid votes 34,636 35,131
Turnout 35,230 79.88 +11.50
Labour hold Majority 5,917 17.19 +5.29

2011 election[edit]

2011 general election: Dunedin North[29]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour David Clark 12,976 44.25 −8.37 10,127 33.80 −10.44
National Michael Woodhouse 9,487 32.35 +1.71 9,707 32.39 +3.04
Green Metiria Turei 5,721 19.51 +8.42 7,010 23.39 +7.58
Legalise Cannabis Julian Crawford 398 1.36 −0.13 172 0.57 +0.14
Alliance Victor Billot 210 0.72 −0.66 50 0.17 −0.15
Democrats Jeremy Noble 196 0.67 +0.35 62 0.21 +0.10
United Future Peter George 176 0.60 −0.10 183 0.61 −0.33
ACT Guy McCallum 159 0.54 −1.22 218 0.73 −1.54
NZ First   1,706 5.69 +2.27
Conservative   405 1.35 +1.35
Mana   181 0.60 +0.60
Māori Party   126 0.42 −0.28
Libertarianz   18 0.06 +0.03
Informal votes 448 190
Total valid votes 29,323 29,965
Labour hold Majority 3,489 11.90 −10.09

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 40,356[30]

2008 election[edit]

2008 general election: Dunedin North[31]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Pete Hodgson 17,127 52.62 −2.46 14,608 44.24 −10.58
National Michael Woodhouse 9,972 30.64 −0.79 9,692 29.35 +4.21
Green Metiria Turei 3,611 11.09 +3.64 5,221 15.81 +4.99
ACT Hilary Calvert 573 1.76 +1.15 749 2.27 +1.28
Legalise Cannabis Julian Crawford 483 1.48 −0.06 143 0.43 +0.14
Alliance Victor Billot 448 1.38 +0.54 106 0.32 +0.12
United Future Mary Edwards 228 0.70 −1.32 312 0.94 −1.82
Democrats Olive McRae 105 0.32 +0.32 36 0.11 +0.05
NZ First   1,132 3.43 +0.58
Progressive   310 0.94 −1.38
Bill and Ben   252 0.76 +0.76
Māori Party   230 0.70 +0.41
Kiwi   125 0.38 +0.38
Family Party   57 0.17 +0.17
Workers Party   18 0.05 +0.05
Pacific   14 0.04 +0.04
Libertarianz   9 0.03 −0.01
RAM   4 0.01 +0.01
RONZ   2 0.01 −0.01
Informal votes 234 89
Total valid votes 32,547 33,020
Labour hold Majority 7,155 21.98 −1.67


2005 election[edit]

2005 general election: Dunedin North
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Pete Hodgson 17,769 55.08 −4.42 17,915 54.82 +5.11
National Katherine Rich 10,139 31.02 +7.94 8,217 25.14 +8.95
Green Philippa Jamieson 2,405 7.46 +0.59 3,536 10.82 −1.54
United Future Mark Peters 652 2.02 −0.34 901 2.76 −2.78
Legalise Cannabis Jason Baker-Sherman 498 1.54 −0.51 95 0.29 −0.42
Progressive James Boyack 330 1.02 −0.02 431 1.32 −0.65
Alliance Victor Billot 270 0.84 −1.14 65 0.20 −2.89
ACT Willie Martin 196 0.61 −1.15 322 0.99 −3.20
NZ First   931 2.85 −1.61
Māori Party   96 0.29 +0.29
Destiny   78 0.24 +0.24
Christian Heritage   35 0.11 −0.72
Democrats   21 0.06 +0.06
Libertarianz   14 0.04 +0.04
99 MP   10 0.03 +0.03
Direct Democracy   4 0.01 +0.01
One NZ   4 0.01 −0.04
RONZ   4 0.01 +0.01
Family Rights   3 0.01 +0.01
Informal votes 241 71
Total valid votes 32,259 32,682
Labour hold Majority 7,630 23.65 −12.36

2002 election[edit]

2002 general election: Dunedin North[32]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Pete Hodgson 17,573 59.50 −0.88 14,866 49.71 +1.83
National Katherine Rich 6,936 23.49 −3.76 4,841 16.19 −4.26
Green Philippa Direen 2,028 6.87 +2.65 3,697 12.36 +4.93
United Future Todd Whitcombe 697 2.36 +2.36 1,658 5.54 +5.54
Legalise Cannabis Paul John McMullan 606 2.05 +0.13 212 0.71 +0.71
Alliance Carolyn Payne-Harker 586 1.98 −4.32 924 3.09 −9.32
ACT Willie Martin 520 1.76 −1.17 1,254 4.19 −0.53
Progressive Frede Jorgensen 306 1.04 +1.04 588 1.97 +1.97
Christian Heritage Glenn Peoples 280 0.95 −0.94 248 0.83 +0.83
NZ First   1,333 4.46 +3.74
ORNZ   253 0.85 +0.85
One NZ   15 0.05 +0.05
Mana Māori   9 0.03 +0.03
NMP   6 0.02 +0.02
Informal votes 291 99
Total valid votes 29,532 29,904
Turnout 29,904 79.1
Labour hold Majority 10,637 36.01 −4.64

1999 election[edit]

1999 general election: Dunedin North[33][34]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Pete Hodgson 18,856 60.38 15,052 47.88
National Katherine Rich 6,161 19.73 6,427 20.45
Alliance Quentin Findlay 1,968 6.30 3,902 12.41
Green Michael Tritt 1,318 4.22 2,336 7.43
ACT Hilary Calvert 915 2.93 1,485 4.72
Legalise Cannabis Paul John McMullan 599 1.92 397 1.26
Christian Heritage David Harris 589 1.89 651 2.07
South Island Alan McDonald 404 1.29 216 0.69
NZ First Donna Waipouri-Baxter 224 0.72 401 1.28
McGillicuddy Serious Bernard Smith 152 0.49 46 0.15
NMP Patrick Byrne 41 0.13 28 0.09
Christian Democrats   185 0.59
United NZ   151 0.48
Libertarianz   64 0.20
Animals First   49 0.16
Natural Law   15 0.05
One NZ   12 0.04
Mana Māori   9 0.03
Freedom Movement   6 0.02
The People's Choice   2 0.006
Mauri Pacific   1 0.003
Republican   0 0.00
Informal votes 384 176
Total valid votes 31,227 31,435
Labour hold Majority 12,695 40.65

1996 election[edit]

1996 general election: Dunedin North[35][36][37]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Pete Hodgson 17,375 52.32 13,449 40.15
National Margie Stevens 7,168 21.58 8,304 24.79
Alliance Jim Flynn 4,488 13.51 4,648 13.88
NZ First Neil Benson 1,824 5.49 2,224 6.64
ACT Michael Steeneveld 1,157 3.48 1,452 4.33
United NZ Graeme Brown 553 1.67 718 2.14
McGillicuddy Serious Doug Mackie 453 1.36 120 0.36
Natural Law Mary-Anne McGregor 193 0.58 56 0.17
Christian Coalition   1,198 3.58
Legalise Cannabis   1,100 3.28
Animals First   75 0.22
Progressive Green   63 0.19
Green Society   28 0.08
Mana Māori   20 0.06
Ethnic Minority Party 12 0.04
Asia Pacific United 8 0.02
Superannuitants & Youth   7 0.02
Libertarianz   6 0.02
Conservatives   5 0.01
Advance New Zealand 4 0.01
Te Tawharau 0 0.00
Informal votes 386 100
Total valid votes 33,211 33,497
Labour hold Majority 10,207 30.73

1993 election[edit]

1993 general election: Dunedin North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Pete Hodgson 9,119 43.52 -2.77
National Hugh Perkins 5,325 25.41
Alliance Jim Flynn 5,022 23.97
NZ First Eileen Rodriguez 776 3.70
Christian Heritage Louise Storm 368 1.75
McGillicuddy Serious Murray Kennedy 267 1.27
Natural Law Leigh Bush 73 0.34
Majority 3,794 18.10 +7.08
Turnout 20,950 85.52 -1.08
Registered electors 24,495

1990 election[edit]

1990 general election: Dunedin North[39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Pete Hodgson 9,807 46.29
National Gael Donoghue 7,471 35.26
Green Antony Deaker 2,228 10.51 +8.30
NewLabour Chris Trotter 1,127 5.31
McGillicuddy Serious Daryl Aylward 181 0.85
Social Credit Graeme Mason 148 0.69
Democrats George Goddard 146 0.68
NZ Party A Blackadder 68 0.32
Communist League Stan Lusby 10 0.04
Majority 2,336 11.02
Turnout 21,186 86.60 -0.64
Registered electors 24,462

1987 election[edit]

1987 general election: Dunedin North[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Stan Rodger 12,565 62.30 +10.24
National Sean Davison 6,031 29.90
Democrats Jack Begley 725 3.59
Independent Antony Deaker 446 2.21
Wizard Party W P Everson 178 0.88 +0.17
McGillicuddy Serious W J Gumbley 148 0.73
Ind. NZ Party Murray Menzies 75 0.37 +0.10
Majority 6,534 32.39 +8.04
Turnout 20,168 87.24 -4.07
Registered electors 23,116

1984 election[edit]

1984 general election: Dunedin North[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Stan Rodger 10,964 52.06 -1.76
National Barbara Henderson 5,835 27.70
NZ Party Lee Vandervis 3,010 14.29
Social Credit Craig Paddon 966 4.58
Wizard Party W P Everson 151 0.71 -0.20
Independent C A Nixon 74 0.35
Ind. NZ Party Murray Menzies 58 0.27
Majority 5,129 24.35 +1.02
Turnout 21,058 91.31 +2.27
Registered electors 23,062

1981 election[edit]

1981 general election: Dunedin North[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Stan Rodger 10,039 53.82 +5.23
National Des Bleach 5,606 30.05
Social Credit Hamish Woods 2,835 15.20
Wizard Party W P Everson 171 0.91
Majority 4,733 25.37 +11.42
Turnout 18,651 89.04 +19.97
Registered electors 20,946

1978 election[edit]

1978 general election: Dunedin North[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Stan Rodger 9,846 48.19
National Richard Walls 6,996 34.24 -9.95
Social Credit M J Sheppard 2,228 10.90
Values P R J Brook 799 3.91
Independent John O'Neill 559 2.73
Majority 2,850 13.95
Turnout 20,428 69.07 -14.89
Registered electors 29,573

1975 election[edit]

1975 general election: Dunedin North[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
National Richard Walls 8,740 44.19
Labour Brian Arnold 7,782 39.34
Values Peter Sutton 2,075 10.49
Social Credit Ivan Harper 1,180 5.96
Majority 958 4.84
Turnout 19,777 83.96 -6.02
Registered electors 23,553

1972 election[edit]

1972 general election: Dunedin North[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 9,211 53.91 -0.91
National John Wallis 5,191 30.38
Values Geoff Neill 1,801 10.54
Social Credit Joy Clapham 830 4.85
New Democratic Patrick James Pullar 51 0.29
Majority 4,020 23.53 +5.12
Turnout 17,084 89.98 +2.03
Registered electors 18,985

1969 election[edit]

1969 general election: Dunedin North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 8,721 54.82 +2.29
National Iona Williams 5,729 36.01
Social Credit A W Fagg 1,129 7.09 -6.25
Democratic Labour Jamie Wedderspoon 224 1.40
Independent J C M McPhee 103 0.64
Majority 2,929 18.41 -0.01
Turnout 15,906 87.65 +1.60
Registered electors 18,147

1966 election[edit]

1966 general election: Dunedin North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 8,079 52.53 -0.99
National George Barry Gerard 5,246 34.11
Social Credit A W Fagg 2,052 13.34
Majority 2,833 18.42 +2.74
Turnout 15,377 86.05 -3.96
Registered electors 17,869

1963 election[edit]

1963 general election: Dunedin North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 8,566 53.22 -0.79
National Edgar Whittleston 6,042 37.54
Social Credit George William Goddard 1,370 8.51 -0.42
Communist Edgar Wilson Hunter 116 0.72 +0.21
Majority 2,524 15.68 -1.80
Turnout 16,094 90.01 -0.64
Registered electors 17,879

1960 election[edit]

1960 general election: Dunedin North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 7,645 54.01 -3.41
National Brenda Bell 5,170 36.52
Social Credit George William Goddard 1,265 8.93
Communist Edgar Wilson Hunter 73 0.51
Majority 2,475 17.48 -5.23
Turnout 14,153 90.65 -3.12
Registered electors 15,612

1957 election[edit]

1957 general election: Dunedin North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 8,616 57.42 +6.38
National George Terry 5,208 34.71
Social Credit Patrick McMullan 1,108 7.38 -11.07
Majority 3,408 22.71 +1.95
Turnout 15,004 93.77 +2.51
Registered electors 16,000

1954 election[edit]

1954 general election: Dunedin North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 6,860 51.04 -10.92
National Helen Black 4,069 30.27
Social Credit Patrick McMullan 2,480 18.45
Majority 2,791 20.76 -3.16
Turnout 13,438 91.26 +20.85
Registered electors 14,724

1953 by-election[edit]

1953 North Dunedin by-election[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ethel McMillan 6,424 61.96
National Walter MacDougall 3,944 38.04
Majority 2,480 23.92
Turnout 10,368 70.41 −21.62
Registered electors 14,724

1951 election[edit]

1951 general election: Dunedin North[41]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Walls 6,929 51.13 -0.89
National Donald Cameron 6,622 48.86
Majority 307 2.26 -2.57
Turnout 13,551 92.03 -3.04
Registered electors 14,724

1949 election[edit]

1949 general election: Dunedin North[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Walls 7,190 52.02 -2.61
National Richard Brickell 6,522 47.18
Communist John Leslie Marston 109 0.78
Majority 668 4.83 -4.43
Turnout 13,821 95.07 +3.27
Registered electors 14,537

1946 election[edit]

1946 general election: Dunedin North[43]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Walls 7,487 54.63 +2.09
National Norman Jones 6,217 45.36 -1.73
Majority 1,270 9.26 +3.82
Turnout 13,704 91.80 +12.03
Registered electors 14,927

1945 by-election[edit]

1945 Dunedin North by-election[44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Robert Walls 6,791 52.54
National Norman Jones 6,087 47.09
Informal votes 46 0.35 -0.50
Majority 704 5.44
Turnout 12,924 79.77 -11.99
Registered electors 16,200

1943 election[edit]

1943 general election: Dunedin North[45]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jim Munro 8,038 55.82
National Alexander Cassie 5,240 36.39
People's Movement Frederick Allan Keane 858 5.95
Democratic Labour Cornelius Machin Ross 263 1.82
Informal votes 123 0.85
Majority 2,798 19.43
Turnout 14,399 91.76
Registered electors 15,691

1935 election[edit]

1935 general election: Dunedin North[46]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jim Munro 6,097 52.56 +0.30
United Alexander Smith Falconer[47][48][49] 4,429 38.18
Democrat Helen Black[50] 1,073 9.25
Majority 1,668 14.38 +9.42
Informal votes 97 0.83 -0.19
Turnout 11,696 92.65 +4.81
Registered electors 12,624

1931 election[edit]

1931 general election: Dunedin North[51]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jim Munro 5,518 52.26
United John McCrae[52][53][c] 4,994 47.30
United Robert Black[d] 46 0.44
Majority 524 4.96
Informal votes 109 1.02
Turnout 10,667 87.84
Registered electors 12,144

1928 election[edit]

1928 general election: Dunedin North[54][55]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jim Munro 4,352 40.93
Reform Harold Tapley 3,121 29.35
United Charles Robert Smith 2,638 24.81
Independent George Samuel Thomson 523 4.92
Majority 1,231 11.58
Informal votes 81 0.76
Turnout 10,715 89.58
Registered electors 11,962

1922 by-election[edit]

1922 Dunedin North by-election[56]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Jim Munro 3,462 44.64
Reform James Clark 3,342 43.10
Liberal William Begg 931 12.00
Informal votes 19 0.24
Majority 120 1.54
Turnout 7,754 66.34
Registered electors 11,687

1914 election[edit]

1914 general election[57]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
United Labour Andrew Walker 4,073 51.47
Reform George Malcolm Thomson 3,751 47.40
Majority 322 4.06
Informal votes 88 1.11
Turnout 7,912 81.34
Registered electors 9,726

Table footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Hilary Calvert entered parliament as a list MP on 24 September 2010 after David Garrett resigned.
  2. ^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
  3. ^ John McCrae was the official candidate for the United–Reform Coalition
  4. ^ Robert Black, who was not endorsed by the United Party, withdrew just before the election

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b Scholefield 1950, pp. 156–157.
  2. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 66ff.
  3. ^ McRobie 1989, p. 95.
  4. ^ "Electoral districts – south loses two seats". Evening Star. No. 25759. 4 April 1946. p. 7. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  5. ^ "New boundaries: electoral districts". Otago Daily Times. No. 26190. 28 June 1946. p. 4. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  6. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 93, 97.
  7. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 97–101.
  8. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 101–105.
  9. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 105–109.
  10. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 109–113.
  11. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 113–117.
  12. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 117–121.
  13. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 121–125.
  14. ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 125–129.
  15. ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  16. ^ "Dunedin North – Electorate Profile" (PDF). Parliamentary Library. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
  17. ^ "Enrolment Statistics". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  18. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 94.
  19. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 143.
  20. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 118.
  21. ^ a b c d Scholefield 1950, p. 128.
  22. ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 142.
  23. ^ "Hon Pete Hodgson". New Zealand Parliament. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  24. ^ "Agony and ecstasy for Dunedin party faithful". Otago Daily Times. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  25. ^ "New names, new boundaries: How the electorate changes will affect you". The Spinoff. 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  26. ^ "Dunedin electorates set to get larger". Otago Daily Times. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  27. ^ "Official Count Results -- Dunedin North (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  28. ^ 2014 election results
  29. ^ 2011 election results
  30. ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  31. ^ 2008 election results
  32. ^ "Electorate Profile Dunedin North". New Zealand Parliament. [Retrieved 11 June 2012.]
  33. ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  34. ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  35. ^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Dunedin North, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
  36. ^ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  37. ^ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  38. ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 16.
  39. ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 24.
  40. ^ a b c d e f Norton 1988, p. 215.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h Norton 1988, p. 214.
  42. ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  43. ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  44. ^ "Declaration of Result of Poll". Evening Star. No. 25553. 3 August 1945. p. 2. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  45. ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  46. ^ "General Election". The Evening Post. Vol. CXX, no. 138. 7 December 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  47. ^ Ammentorp, Steen. "Falconer". generals.dk. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  48. ^ "Alexander Smith Falconer". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 8 July 2022 – via Online Cenotaph.
  49. ^ "Brigadier A. S. Falconer". New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
  50. ^ Tennant, Margaret. "Helen McKenzie Black". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
  51. ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 2. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  52. ^ "John McCrae". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 9 July 2022 – via Online Cenotaph.
  53. ^ "Dunedin North". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 264. 7 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  54. ^ Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  55. ^ "The election : nomination day". Evening Star. No. 20009. 29 October 1928. p. 7. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  56. ^ "Dunedin North Election". Evening Star. Vol. 12, no. 18005. 27 June 1922. p. 4. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
  57. ^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 8 January 2016.

References[edit]

  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
  • Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.

External links[edit]

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunedin_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)

Leave a Reply