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NSI-189
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		By mouth[1]
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life17.4–20.5 hours[1]
Identifiers
  • (4-Benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-[2-(3-methylbutylamino)pyridin-3-yl]methanone
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC22H30N4O
Molar mass366.509 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(C)CCNC1=C(C=CC=N1)C(=O)N2CCN(CC2)CC3=CC=CC=C3
  • InChI=1S/C22H30N4O/c1-18(2)10-12-24-21-20(9-6-11-23-21)22(27)26-15-13-25(14-16-26)17-19-7-4-3-5-8-19/h3-9,11,18H,10,12-17H2,1-2H3,(H,23,24)
  • Key:DYTOQURYRYYNOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N

NSI-189 (NeuralStem Inc 189) is an experimental, potential antidepressant that was developed by Neuralstem, Inc. for the treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as for cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration.[2][1][3]

A phase II clinical trial for MDD failed to meet the primary depression endpoint (MADRSTooltip Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) in July 2017, although statistically significant improvements have been reported on a number of secondary depression and cognition endpoints.[4][5]

The compound's activity was discovered using phenotypic screening with a library of 10,269 compounds to identify compounds that promoted neurogenesis in vitro.[3] As of 2016 the target of the compound was unknown but it appeared to promote neurogenesis in rodents.[2][3]

NSI-189 completed a phase I clinical trial for MDD in 2011, where it was administered to 41 healthy volunteers.[6] A phase Ib clinical trial for treating MDD in 24 patients started in 2012 and completed in July 2014, with results published in December 2015.[1][7] In July 2017, it was announced that a phase II clinical trial with 220 patients failed to meet its primary effectiveness endpoint in MDD.[8] Upon the announcement, Neuralstem stock plummeted by 61%.[9] More detailed analysis of the trial results was released in December 2017 and January 2018. It revealed statistically significant improvements on patient-reported depression scales and in aspects of cognition for the 40 mg/day dose. Of particular note are improvements in memory (effect size Cohen's d = 1.12, p = 0.002), working memory (d = 0.81, p = 0.020), and executive functioning (d = 0.66, p = 0.048) as measured by the CogScreen computerized test.[5]

In August 2020 another phase 2 study with 220 participants was done. An 80 mg dose of NSI-189 showed significant benefit over placebo in the subgroup of patients who were moderately depressed (MADRS < 30) but was not significant in patients who were severely depressed (MADRS ≥ 30). The study concludes that NSI-189 is effective as a safe adjunctive therapy, with most compelling antidepressant and procognitive benefits noted in patients with moderate depression.[10]

In addition to MDD, Neuralstem has said that it intends to pursue clinical development of NSI-189 for a variety of other neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, post-traumatic stress disorder, stroke, and to prevent cognitive and memory decline in aging.[2]

In 2021, Neuralstem merged with another company to become Palisade Bio, who in 2021 sold NSI-189 to an unknown buyer for up to $4.9 million.[11]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d Fava M, Johe K, Ereshefsky L, Gertsik LG, English BA, Bilello JA, et al. (October 2016). "A Phase 1B, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multiple-dose escalation study of NSI-189 phosphate, a neurogenic compound, in depressed patients". Molecular Psychiatry. 21 (10): 1372–1380. doi:10.1038/mp.2015.178. PMC 5030464. PMID 26643541.
  2. ^ a b c Bouhassira EE (15 June 2015). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Stem Cell Research. SAGE Publications. pp. 843–. ISBN 978-1-4833-4767-7.
  3. ^ a b c Neuralstem (March 2016), Neuralstem Inc. March 2016 Corporate Presentation (PDF), retrieved 25 March 2016[dead link] Alt URL
  4. ^ "Neuralstem: NSI-189 Phase 2 Trial Fails To Meet Primary Efficacy Endpoint". NASDAQ.com. 2017-07-25. Retrieved 2017-09-20.
  5. ^ a b "Neuralstem Inc. Corporate Presentation" (PDF). January 2018.
  6. ^ Clinical trial number NCT01310881 for "Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics (PK) Study of Novel Neurogenic Compound NSI-189" at ClinicalTrials.gov
  7. ^ Clinical trial number NCT01520649 for "Multiple-Dose Pharmacokinetics (PK), and Pharmacodynamic (PD) Effect of NSI-189 Phosphate in Depression Patient Subjects" at ClinicalTrials.gov
  8. ^ "Neuralstem Announces Top-line Phase 2 Data of NSI-189 for Major Depressive Disorder" (Press release). Neuralstem Inc. 25 July 2017.
  9. ^ Court E (July 25, 2017). "UPDATE: Neuralstem stock plummets 61% on news of mid-stage clinical trial miss".
  10. ^ Johe KK, Kay G, Kumar S, Burdick KE, McIntyre RS, Papakostas GI, Fava M (August 2020). "NSI-189 phosphate, a novel neurogenic compound, selectively benefits moderately depressed patients: A post-hoc analysis of a phase 2 study of major depressive disorder". Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 32 (3): 182–196. PMID 32722729.
  11. ^ "Palisade Bio, Inc. Announces Sale of Seneca Asset NSI-189 for the treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders". 22 October 2021.

External links[edit]

  • McIntyre RS, Johe K, Rong C, Lee Y (June 2017). "The neurogenic compound, NSI-189 phosphate: a novel multi-domain treatment capable of pro-cognitive and antidepressant effects". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 26 (6): 767–770. doi:10.1080/13543784.2017.1324847. PMID 28460574. S2CID 205768353.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSI-189

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