Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNG2 gene .[5] [6]
Heterotrimeric G proteins play vital roles in cellular responses to external signals. The specificity of a G protein-receptor interaction is primarily mediated by the gamma subunit.[supplied by OMIM][6]
Interactive pathway map [ edit ]
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
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Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons
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References [ edit ]
Further reading [ edit ]
Pumiglia KM, LeVine H, Haske T, Habib T, Jove R, Decker SJ (1995). "A direct interaction between G-protein beta gamma subunits and the Raf-1 protein kinase" . J. Biol. Chem . 270 (24): 14251–4. doi :10.1074/jbc.270.24.14251 . PMID 7782277 .
Tsukada S, Simon MI, Witte ON, Katz A (1994). "Binding of beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins to the PH domain of Bruton tyrosine kinase" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 91 (23): 11256–60. Bibcode :1994PNAS...9111256T . doi :10.1073/pnas.91.23.11256 . PMC 45206 . PMID 7972043 .
Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (1996). "Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families" . J. Biol. Chem . 271 (12): 7141–6. doi :10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141 . PMID 8636150 .
De Waard M, Liu H, Walker D, Scott VE, Gurnett CA, Campbell KP (1997). "Direct binding of G-protein betagamma complex to voltage-dependent calcium channels". Nature . 385 (6615): 446–50. Bibcode :1997Natur.385..446W . doi :10.1038/385446a0 . PMID 9009193 . S2CID 4287544 .
Kostenis E, Conklin BR, Wess J (1997). "Molecular basis of receptor/G protein coupling selectivity studied by coexpression of wild type and mutant m2 muscarinic receptors with mutant G alpha(q) subunits". Biochemistry . 36 (6): 1487–95. doi :10.1021/bi962554d . PMID 9063897 .
Qin N, Platano D, Olcese R, Stefani E, Birnbaumer L (1997). "Direct interaction of gbetagamma with a C-terminal gbetagamma-binding domain of the Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunit is responsible for channel inhibition by G protein-coupled receptors" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 94 (16): 8866–71. Bibcode :1997PNAS...94.8866Q . doi :10.1073/pnas.94.16.8866 . PMC 23172 . PMID 9238069 .
Ong OC, Hu K, Rong H, Lee RH, Fung BK (1997). "Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit of human cone G-protein (GNGT2)". Genomics . 44 (1): 101–9. doi :10.1006/geno.1997.4814 . PMID 9286705 .
Nishida K, Kaziro Y, Satoh T (1999). "Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits". FEBS Lett . 459 (2): 186–90. doi :10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01244-2 . PMID 10518015 . S2CID 83524892 .
Carman CV, Barak LS, Chen C, Liu-Chen LY, Onorato JJ, Kennedy SP, Caron MG, Benovic JL (2000). "Mutational analysis of Gbetagamma and phospholipid interaction with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2" . J. Biol. Chem . 275 (14): 10443–52. doi :10.1074/jbc.275.14.10443 . PMID 10744734 .
Evanko DS, Thiyagarajan MM, Siderovski DP, Wedegaertner PB (2001). "Gbeta gamma isoforms selectively rescue plasma membrane localization and palmitoylation of mutant Galphas and Galphaq" . J. Biol. Chem . 276 (26): 23945–53. doi :10.1074/jbc.M101154200 . PMID 11294873 .
Yu Y, Zhang C, Zhou G, Wu S, Qu X, Wei H, Xing G, Dong C, Zhai Y (2001). "Gene expression profiling in human fetal liver and identification of tissue- and developmental-stage-specific genes through compiled expression profiles and efficient cloning of full-length cDNAs" . Genome Res . 11 (8): 1392–403. doi :10.1101/gr.175501 . PMC 311073 . PMID 11483580 .
Lowry WE, Huang XY (2002). "G Protein beta gamma subunits act on the catalytic domain to stimulate Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase" . J. Biol. Chem . 277 (2): 1488–92. doi :10.1074/jbc.M110390200 . PMID 11698416 .
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode :2002PNAS...9916899M . doi :10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932 .
Cuello F, Schulze RA, Heemeyer F, Meyer HE, Lutz S, Jakobs KH, Niroomand F, Wieland T (2003). "Activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by a high energy phosphate transfer via nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) B and Gbeta subunits. Complex formation of NDPK B with Gbeta gamma dimers and phosphorylation of His-266 IN Gbeta" . J. Biol. Chem . 278 (9): 7220–6. doi :10.1074/jbc.M210304200 . PMID 12486123 .
Melliti K, Grabner M, Seabrook GR (2003). "The familial hemiplegic migraine mutation R192Q reduces G-protein-mediated inhibition of P/Q-type (Ca(V)2.1) calcium channels expressed in human embryonic kidney cells" . J. Physiol . 546 (Pt 2): 337–47. doi :10.1113/jphysiol.2002.026716 . PMC 2342512 . PMID 12527722 .
Wolfe JT, Wang H, Howard J, Garrison JC, Barrett PQ (2003). "T-type calcium channel regulation by specific G-protein betagamma subunits". Nature . 424 (6945): 209–13. Bibcode :2003Natur.424..209W . doi :10.1038/nature01772 . PMID 12853961 . S2CID 4414712 .
Niu J, Profirovic J, Pan H, Vaiskunaite R, Voyno-Yasenetskaya T (2003). "G Protein betagamma subunits stimulate p114RhoGEF, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RhoA and Rac1: regulation of cell shape and reactive oxygen species production". Circ. Res . 93 (9): 848–56. doi :10.1161/01.RES.0000097607.14733.0C . PMID 14512443 . S2CID 85928866 .
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs" . Nat. Genet . 36 (1): 40–5. doi :10.1038/ng1285 . PMID 14702039 .
Doering CJ, Kisilevsky AE, Feng ZP, Arnot MI, Peloquin J, Hamid J, Barr W, Nirdosh A, Simms B (2004). "A single Gbeta subunit locus controls cross-talk between protein kinase C and G protein regulation of N-type calcium channels" . J. Biol. Chem . 279 (28): 29709–17. doi :10.1074/jbc.M308693200 . PMID 15105422 .
PDB gallery
1gg2 : G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER MUTANT GI_ALPHA_1(G203A) BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1gp2 : G PROTEIN HETEROTRIMER GI_ALPHA_1 BETA_1 GAMMA_2 WITH GDP BOUND
1omw : Crystal Structure of the complex between G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 and Heterotrimeric G Protein beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits
1xhm : The Crystal Structure of a Biologically Active Peptide (SIGK) Bound to a G Protein Beta:Gamma Heterodimer
2bcj : Crystal Structure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Complex with Galpha-q and Gbetagamma Subunits