| Centroleninae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Centrolene buckleyi | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Centrolenidae |
| Subfamily: | Centroleninae Taylor, 1951 |
| Type genus | |
| Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
| |
| Diversity | |
| 9 genera (see text) | |
Centroleninae is one of two subfamilies of the family Centrolenidae.[1][2] It has nine genera distributed in Central America from Honduras south and east to northern and central South America. As of mid 2015, it contains 117 species.[1]
Taxonomy[edit]
Centroleninae are defined based on molecular and morphological characteristics, none of which are obvious to a naked eye. However, in several species a fighting behaviour that might be synapomorphy has been observed: males dangle by their feet and grapple venter-to-venter; amplexus-like or wrestling on leaves fighting of Hyalinobatrachinae is hypothesized to be primitive behaviour. Their sister taxon is ambiguous, it is either genus Ikakogi or subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae.[3]
Genera[edit]
There are nine genera:[1]
- Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872 (27 sp.)
- Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (2 sp.)
- Cochranella Taylor, 1951 (9 sp.)
- Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
- Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia and McDiarmid, 2007 (38 sp.)
- Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (6 sp.)
- Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (5 sp.)
- Teratohyla Taylor, 1951 (5 sp.)
- Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 (10 sp.)
Several species have uncertain generic placement and are placed in Centroleninae Incertae Sedis, awaiting for more information:[1]
- "Centrolene" acanthidiocephalum (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1989)
- "Centrolene" azulae (Flores and McDiarmid, 1989)
- "Centrolene" guanacarum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
- "Centrolene" medemi (Cochran and Goin, 1970)
- "Centrolene" petrophilum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
- "Centrolene" quindianum Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
- "Centrolene" robledoi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
- "Cochranella" duidaeana (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
- "Cochranella" euhystrix (Cadle and McDiarmid, 1990)
- "Cochranella" geijskesi (Goin, 1966)
- "Cochranella" megista (Rivero, 1985)
- "Cochranella" ramirezi Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1991
- "Cochranella" riveroi (Ayarzagüena, 1992)
- "Cochranella" xanthocheridia Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1995
The AmphibiaWeb includes Ikakogi Guayasamin, Castroviejo-Fisher, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, and Vilà, 2009 in this subfamily,[4] whereas it is not included in any subfamily in the Amphibian Species of the World.[5]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Centroleninae Taylor, 1951". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ "Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Guayasamin, J. M.; Castroviejo-Fisher, S.; Trueb, L.; Ayarzagüena, J.; Rada, M.; Vilà, C. (2009). "Phylogenetic systematics of glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni". Zootaxa. 2100: 1–97. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2100.1.1. hdl:1808/13694.
- ^ "Centrolenidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Centrolenidae Taylor, 1951". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 June 2015.