Cannabis Indica

This is a partial list of Solar System objects by size, arranged in descending order of mean volumetric radius, and subdivided into several size classes. These lists can also be sorted according to an object's mass and, for the largest objects, volume, density and surface gravity, insofar as these values are available. This list contains the Sun, the planets, dwarf planets, many of the larger small Solar System bodies (which includes the asteroids), all named natural satellites, and a number of smaller objects of historical or scientific interest, such as comets and near-Earth objects.

The ordering may be different depending on whether one chooses radius or mass, because some objects are denser than others. For instance, Uranus is larger than Neptune but less massive, and although Ganymede and Titan are larger than Mercury, they have less than half Mercury's mass. This means some objects in the lower tables, despite their smaller radii, may be more massive than objects in the upper tables because they have a higher density.

Many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) have been discovered, and their approximate locations in this list are shown, even though there can be a large uncertainty in their measurement.

Solar System objects more massive than 1021 kilograms (one yottagram [Yg]) are known or expected to be approximately spherical. Astronomical bodies relax into rounded shapes (ellipsoids), achieving hydrostatic equilibrium, when the gravity of their mass is sufficient to overcome the structural strength of their material. Objects made of ice become round more easily than those made of rock, and many icy objects are spheroidal at far lower sizes. The cutoff boundary for roundness is somewhere between 100 km and 200 km in radius.[1]

The larger objects in the mass range between 1018 kg to 1021 kg (1 to 1000 zettagrams [Zg]), such as Tethys, Ceres, and Mimas, have relaxed to an oblate-spheroid equilibrium due to their gravity, whereas the less massive rubble piles (e.g. Amalthea and Janus) are roughly rounded, but not spherical, dubbed "irregular".

Spheroidal bodies typically have some polar flattening due to the centrifugal force from their rotation, and can sometimes even have quite different equatorial diameters (scalene ellipsoids such as Haumea). Unlike bodies such as Haumea, the irregular bodies deviate significantly from the shape of an ellipsoid.

There can be difficulty in figuring out the diameter (within a factor of about 2) for typical objects beyond Saturn. (See 2060 Chiron as an example.) For TNOs there is some confidence in the diameters, but for non-binary TNOs there is no real confidence in the masses/densities. Many TNOs are often just assumed to have Pluto's density of 2.0 g/cm3, but it is just as likely that they have a comet-like density of only 0.5 g/cm3.[2] For example, if a TNO is poorly assumed to have a mass of 3.59×1020 kg based on a radius of 350 km with a density of 2 g/cm3 and is later discovered to only have a radius of 175 km with a density of 1 g/cm3, the mass estimate would be only 2.24×1019 kg.

The sizes and masses of many of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn are fairly well known due to numerous observations and interactions of the Galileo and Cassini orbiters. But many of the moons with a radius less than ~100 km, such as Jupiter's Himalia, still have unknown masses.[3] Again, as we get further from the Sun than Saturn, things get less clear. There has not yet been an orbiter around Uranus or Neptune for long-term study of their moons. For the small outer irregular moons of Uranus, such as Sycorax, which were not discovered by the Voyager 2 flyby, even different NASA web pages, such as the National Space Science Data Center[4] and JPL Solar System Dynamics,[3] have somewhat contradictory size and albedo estimates depending on which research paper is being cited.

Data for objects has varying reliability including uncertainties in the figures for mass and radius, and irregularities in the shape and density, with accuracy often depending on how close it is to Earth or if it has been visited by a probe.

Relative sizes of the fifty largest objects in the Solar System, colored by orbital region. Values are diameters in km.

List

Objects above ≈400 km in radius

It was once thought that everything above this size is probably in hydrostatic equilibrium (HE), though some bodies listed near the end might not be if their estimated or measured size were "grossly in error" or their composition primarily rocky.[5] However, Rhea is the smallest body where detailed measurements have been made and are consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium,[6] whereas Iapetus is the largest determined not to be in hydrostatic equilibrium,[7] though it does have an ellipsoidal shape (i.e. it is round).

For simplicity and comparative purposes, the values are manually calculated assuming a sphericity of 1. The size of solid bodies does not include an object's atmosphere. For example, Titan looks bigger than Ganymede, but its solid body is smaller. For the giant planets, the "radius" is the point at which the atmosphere reaches 1 bar of atmospheric pressure.[8] The radius of Saturn's main rings is 136,775 km.

Body Image Mean radius
(km)
Mean radius
(R)
Volume
(109 km3)
Volume
(V)
Mass
×1021 kg
(Yg)
Mass
(M)
Density
(g/cm3)
Surface gravity
(m/s2)
Surface gravity
()
Type of object Shape Approx.
rank
Sun File:The Sun in extreme ultraviolet.jpg 696342±65[9] 109.3 1,414,300,000 1,305,700 1,988,550,000 333,000 1.408 274.0 28.02 star round (HE) 1
Jupiter 69911±6 10.97 1,431,280 1,321 1,898,600 317.83 1.326 24.79 2.535 planet (gas giant)—has rings round (HE) 2
Saturn 58232±6
(w/o rings)
9.140 827,130 764 568,460 95.159 0.687 10.445 1.06 planet (gas giant)—has rings round (HE) 3
Uranus 25362±7 3.981 68,340 63.1 86,832 14.536 1.27 8.87 0.90 planet (ice giant)—has rings round (HE) 4
Neptune 24622±19 3.865 62,540 57.7 102,430 17.147 1.638 11.15 1.140 planet (ice giant)—has rings round (HE) 5
Earth 6371.0 1 1,083.21 1 5,973.6 1 5.514 9.78033 0.99732 planet (terrestrial) round (HE) 6
Venus 6051.8±1.0
(w/o gas)
0.9499 928.43 0.857 4,868.5 0.815 5.243 8.872 0.905 planet (terrestrial) round (HE) 7
Mars 3389.5±0.2 0.5320 163.18 0.151 641.85 0.107 3.9335 ± 0.0004 3.7 0.38 planet (terrestrial) round (HE) 8
Ganymede
Jupiter III
2634.1±0.3 0.4135 76.30 0.0704 148.2 0.0248 1.936 1.428 0.15 satellite of Jupiter round (HE) 9
Titan
Saturn VI
2576±2
(w/o gas)
0.4043 71.52 0.0660 134.5 0.0225 1.8798 ± 0.0044 1.354 0.14 satellite of Saturn round (HE) 10
Mercury 2439.7±1.0 0.3829 60.83 0.0562 330.2 0.0553 5.427 3.7 0.38 planet (terrestrial) round (HE) 11
Callisto
Jupiter IV
2410.3±1.5 0.3783 58.65 0.0541 107.6 0.018 1.8344 ± 0.0034 1.23603 0.126 satellite of Jupiter round (HE) 12
Io
Jupiter I
1821.6±0.5 0.2859 25.32 0.0234 89.3 0.015 3.528 ± 0.006 1.797 0.183 satellite of Jupiter round (HE) 13
Moon
Earth I
1737.1 0.2727 21.958 0.0203 73.5 0.0123 3.3464 1.625 0.166 satellite of Earth round (HE) 14
Europa
Jupiter II
1560.8±0.5 0.2450 15.93 0.0147 48 0.00803 3.013 ± ∂0.005 1.316 0.134 satellite of Jupiter round (HE) 15
Triton
Neptune I
1353.4±0.9 0.2124 10.38 0.0096 21.5 0.00359 2.061 0.782 0.0797 satellite of Neptune round 16
PlutoR
134340
1184±10[10] 0.186 6.95 0.0066 13.105 0.0022 2.03 ± 0.06 0.61 0.062 dwarf planetplutinomultiple round 17
ErisR
136199
1163±6[11] 0.1825 6.59 0.007 16.7[12] 0.0027 2.52 ± 0.05 0.659 0.0677 dwarf planetSDObinary round 18
Titania
Uranus III
788.4±0.6 0.1238 2.06 0.0019 3.526 0.00059 1.711 ± 0.005 0.378 0.0385 satellite of Uranus round 19
Rhea
Saturn V
763.8±1.0 0.1199 1.87 0.0017 2.3166 0.00039 1.236 ± 0.005 0.26 0.027 satellite of Saturn round (HE) (disputed) 20
Oberon
Uranus IV
761.4±2.6 0.1195 1.85 0.0017 3.014 0.0005 1.63 ± 0.05 0.347 0.035 satellite of Uranus round 21
Iapetus
Saturn VIII
734.5±2.8 0.1152 1.55 0.0014 1.9739 0.00033 1.088 ± 0.013 0.223 0.0227 satellite of Saturn round (not in technical HE) 22
MakemakeR
136472
715±7 0.112 1.7 2.3 ± 0.9 dwarf planetcubewano round 23
2007 OR10
225088
640±105[13] 0.1005 1.0981 0.00101 resonant KBO (3:10) unknown 24
HaumeaR
136108
620+34
−29
0.097 1.3–1.6 0.001 4.006 0.00069 2.55[14] 0.44 0.045 dwarf planetresonant KBO (7:12)—trinary round (scalene ellipsoid) 25
Charon
Pluto I
603.5±1.5 0.0947 0.87 0.0008 1.52 0.00025 1.65 ± 0.06 0.279 0.028 satellite of Pluto round 26
Umbriel
Uranus II
584.7±2.8 0.0918 0.84 0.0008 1.2 0.00020 1.39 ± 0.16 0.234 0.024 satellite of Uranus round 27
Ariel
Uranus I
File:Color Image of Ariel as seen from Voyager 2.jpg 578.9±0.6 0.0909 0.81 0.0008 1.35 0.00022 1.66 ± 0.15 0.269 0.027 satellite of Uranus round 28
Dione
Saturn IV
561.4±0.4 0.0881 0.73 0.0007 1.096 0.000183 1.478 ± 0.003 0.232 0.0236 satellite of Saturn round (not in technical HE) 29
Quaoar
50000
555±3 0.0871 1.4 ± 0.1 0.0003 2.2 ± 0.4[15] 0.125 cubewanobinary unknown 30
Tethys
Saturn III
531.1±0.6 0.0834 0.624 0.0006 0.6173 0.000103 0.984 ± 0.003[16] 0.145 0.015 satellite of Saturn round (not in technical HE) 31
SednaRA
90377
500±80 0.0785 sednoid[17] unknown 32
Ceres
1
481.5[18] 0.0736 0.433 0.0004 0.939[18] 0.000157 2.17 0.29 0.030 dwarf planetbelt asteroid round 33
2002 MS4
307261
467±24 0.0733 cubewano[17] unknown 34
OrcusR
90482
458±13 0.0719 2.47[19] plutinobinary unknown 35
Salacia
120347
425±23 0.0667 0.45 ± ? 1.16+0.59
−0.36
[20]
cubewanobinary unknown 36

Objects between ≈400 and ≈200 km in radius

Most objects in this size range are expected to be round. All measured satellites except Proteus are round, though those that have their shapes carefully measured are not in technical hydrostatic equilibrium (HE). The asteroid 10 Hygiea is not, and 2 Pallas and 4 Vesta are borderline. Like the satellites, TNOs in this size range are expected to be round, assuming the estimated size is correct.

Body Image Mean radius
(km)
Mass
×1021 kg
(Yg)
Density

g/cm3
Type of object Shape
2002 AW197R
55565
380±20 cubewano unknown
2013 FY27 376 SDO unknown
2003 AZ84R
208996
360±30 plutinobinary unknown
2002 UX25R
55637
350±10 0.82[21] cubewanobinary unknown
Varda9
174567
350±40 cubewanobinary unknown
2004 GV9R
90568
340±40 cubewano unknown
Dysnomia
Eris I
340±30 satellite of Eris unknown
2005 RN439
145452
340±40 cubewano unknown
Varuna*
20000
334[22] 0.37 0.992[14] cubewano unknown
IxionR
28978
325+130
−110
plutino unknown
2007 JJ43
278361
ca. 300 cubewano unknown
2007 UK1269
229762
300±40 SDO unknown
Chaos
19521
300±70 cubewano unknown
2010 KZ39 ca. 300 cubewano[23] unknown
2012 VP113 ca. 300 sednoid unknown
2010 RF43 ca. 300 SDO unknown
2005 RM439
145451
ca. 300 SDO unknown
2001 UR1639
42301
ca. 300 SDO[17] unknown
2002 TC302
84522
290±50 resonant KBO (2:5) unknown
2003 UZ4139 ca. 280 plutino unknown
2008 ST291 ca. 280 SDO unknown
2010 RE64 ca. 280 SDO unknown
2010 FX86 ca. 280 cubewano unknown
2002 XV93 280±10 plutino[17] unknown
2006 QH1819 ca. 280 SDO unknown
Pallas$
2
270±10 0.211 2.8[24] belt asteroid uncertain
2014 UM33 ca. 270 cubewano unknown
2004 XR190 ca. 270 SDO[17] unknown
Vesta$
4
262.7±0.1[25] 0.259076±0.000001 3.456[25] belt asteroid formerly round (not in hydrostatic equilibrium:
frozen-in ellipsoidal shape and large impact basins)[26][27]
2003 VS2
84922
260±20 plutino[17] unknown
2004 TY364*
120348
ca. 260 cubewano unknown
2010 VK201 ca. 260 cubewano[17] unknown
2014 FT71 ca. 253 unknown
2003 QX113 ca. 250 SDO[17] unknown
2014 FC69 ca. 250
Enceladus
Saturn II
252.1±0.2 0.1080±0.0001 1.609±0.005 satellite of Saturn round (not in hydrostatic equilibrium: frozen-in ellipsoidal shape)
2005 UQ5139
202421
250±40 cubewano unknown
2010 TY53 unknown extended centaur[17] unknown
2011 GM27 unknown SDO unknown
2006 HH123 unknown unknown unknown
2010 TJ unknown SDO[17] unknown
2010 VZ98 unknown SDO[17] unknown
2011 FW62 unknown cubewano unknown
2010 EK139 240±70 SDO unknown
Miranda
Uranus V
235.8±0.7 0.0659±0.0075 1.20±0.15 satellite of Uranus round
2005 TB190
145480
230±30 detached object[17] unknown
1999 DE9
26375
230±20 resonant KBO (2:5) unknown
2003 FY128
120132
230±10 SDO[17] unknown
HuyaR
38628
229±5 plutino unknown
2002 KX149
119951
unknown cubewano unknown
2002 VR128
84719
220±20 plutino[17] unknown
2002 WC19
119979
unknown twotinobinary unknown
Hygiea$
10
215±4 belt asteroid irregular
Proteus
Neptune VIII (8)
210±7 0.044 1.3[28] satellite of Neptune irregular
2005 QU1829
303775
210±40 SDO[17] unknown
2004 NT33 210±40 cubewano[17] unknown
1999 CD158 ca. 210 resonant KBO (4:7) unknown
2004 PF115
175113
203±43 plutino unknown
1998 SN165*
35671
200±20 cubewano unknown
2001 QF298 200±20 plutino[17] unknown
2000 YW134*
82075
ca. 200 SDO[17] unknown
1996 GQ21*
26181
ca. 200 SDO[17] unknown

Selected objects between 200 and 100 km in radius

Satellites of Saturn
Satellites of Neptune
Satellites of Haumea

Objects between 200 and 100 km in radius (400 and 200 km in diameter). The largest of these may lie above the boundary for hydrostatic equilibrium, but most are irregular. Most of the trans-Neptunian objects listed with a radius smaller than 200 km have "assumed sizes based on a generic albedo of 0.09" since they are too far away to directly measure their sizes with existing instruments. Mass switches from 1021 kg to 1018 kg (Zg). Main-belt asteroids have orbital elements constrained by (2.0 AU < a < 3.2 AU; q > 1.666 AU) according to JPL Solar System Dynamics (JPLSSD).[29] This list is not complete, missing many poorly known TNOs.[17]

Body Image Mean radius
(km)
Mass
×1018 kg
(Zg)
Type of object Shape
Mimas
Saturn I
198.2±0.4 37.49±0.03 satellite of Saturn round (smallest known body currently known to have an ellipsoidal
shape, but not in hydrostatic equilibrium)
Hiʻiaka
Haumea I
195[30] 20 satellite of Haumea unknown
Vanth
Orcus I
190±50[19] satellite of Orcus unknown
Ilmarë
Varda I
180±20 satellite of Varda unknown
1996 TL66
15874
170±10 SDO unknown
Nereid
Neptune II
170±30 satellite of Neptune irregular
2004 XA192
230965
170±60 SDO unknown
2001 FP185
82158
166±28 SDO unknown
Interamnia M
704
163±1 37 belt asteroidF-type irregular
Europa$
52
158±4 16.5 belt asteroidC-type irregular[31]
1995 SN55 ca. 150 Lostcentaur or transient TNO unknown
Davida$
511
145±10 43.8 belt asteroidC-type irregular
Sylvia$
87
143±5 14.78 belt asteroid (outer)—X-typetrinary irregular[31]
Actaea
Salacia I
140±10 satellite of 120347 Salacia unknown
Cybele$
65
136±6 17.8 belt asteroid (outer)—C-type irregular
Juno$
3
136±11[32] 26.7 belt asteroidS-type irregular[31]
Hyperion
Saturn VII
135±4 5.58 satellite of Saturn irregular
Eunomia$
15
134±7 31.2 belt asteroidS-type irregular[31]
Camilla$
107
129±7 11.2 belt asteroid (outer)—C-typebinary irregular[33]
EuphrosyneM
31
128±3 6.23 belt asteroidC-type irregular
Psyche$
16
127±2 21.9 belt asteroidM-type irregular
2005 RR43
145453
126[34] cubewanoHaumea family unknown
Chariklo
10199
124±9 centaur unknown—has rings
2007 RW10
309239
124±15 TNO—quasi-satellite of Neptune unknown
Sila9
79360
125±50 11 cubewanobinary (Nunam) unknown
BambergaM
324
117±4 10 belt asteroidC-type
Patientia
451
117±5 belt asteroid irregular
2001 QC298 117+11
−12
[35]
11.88±0.14 (system)[35] hot classical—binary unknown
Chiron*
2060
95P/Chiron
116±7 centaur unknown—has rings
Thisbe $
88
113±6 10.5 M belt asteroidB-type irregular[33]
Hektor
624
113±8 10 Jupiter trojan (L4)—binary irregular
Ceto
65489
112±10 5.4[36] extended centaurbinary unknown
Herculina
532
111±2 belt asteroidS-type irregular[31]
Doris
48
111±4 belt asteroid irregular
Nunam
79360
110±50 satellite of Sila unknown
EugeniaM
45
107 ± 2 5.69 belt asteroidF-typetrinary irregular[31]
Phoebe $
Saturn IX
106.5±0.7 8.29±0.01 satellite of Saturn formerly round[37]
Amphitrite$
29
106±3 11.8 belt asteroidS-type irregular[31]
Bienor
54598
105±15 centaur unknown
Deucalion
53311
ca. 105 cubewano unknown
Diotima
423
104±3 belt asteroidC-type irregular[38]
EgeriaM
13
104±4 16.3 belt asteroidG-type irregular
Fortuna $
19
104±6 12.7 belt asteroidG-type irregular
Aurora
94
102±2 belt asteroid irregular[39]
Iris$
7
100±5 13.6 belt asteroidS-type irregular
Daphne
41
100±5 belt asteroid irregular
Themis M
24
100±10 11.3 belt asteroidC-typeThemis family

Selected objects between 100 and 50 km in radius

Satellites of Jupiter
Satellites of Saturn
Satellites of Uranus
Satellites of Neptune
Satellites of Haumea

Objects 100 and 50 km in radius (200 km to 100 km in average diameter). The listed objects currently include most objects in the asteroid belt and moons of the giant planets in this size range, but many newly discovered objects in the outer Solar System are missing, such as those included in the following reference.[17] Asteroid spectral types are mostly Tholen, but some might be SMASS.

Body Image Mean radius
(km)
Mass
×1018 kg
(Zg)
Type of object/Notes
Alauda
702
97±2 6.05 Main-belt asteroidC-typebinary
Larissa
Neptune VII (7)
97±3 Satellite of Neptune
Ursula
375
96±2 Main-belt asteroid
2001 QC298 I 96+9
−10
[35]
satellite of 2001 QC298
HermioneM
121
95 km[40] 5.38 Outer main-belt asteroidC-typebinary
Palma
372
96±2 Main-belt asteroid
Metis$
9
95 ± ?? 11.3 Main-belt asteroid
Nemesis
128
92±3 7 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Hebe $
6
93 ± ?? 12.8 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Pholus
5145
92±8 6.6 Centaur
Bertha
154
93±1 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Freia
76
92±2 6.5 Outer main-belt asteroidCybele
ElektraM
130
91±6 6.6 Main-belt AsteroidG-typebinary
Rhadamanthus
38083
40–140 Kuiper belt object
Janus$
Saturn X (10)
89.5±1.4 1.912 Satellite of Saturn
Aletheia
259
95±3 5.97 Main-belt asteroid
Galatea
Neptune VI (6)
88±4 2.12 Satellite of Neptune
Teharonhiawako
88611
80 ± ?? Trans-Neptunian objectcubewanobinary
Typhon
42355
81±4 Trans-Neptunian objectbinary
Lachesis
120
87 ± ?? 5.5 Main-belt asteroid
Winchester
747
85±3 Main-belt Asteroid
Hilda
153
85 ± ?? 5.2 Main-belt asteroidHildas
Himalia M
Jupiter VI (6)
85 ± ?? 4.19 [41] Satellite of JupiterHimalia group
Namaka
Haumea II
assumed ca. 85 2 Satellite of Haumea
Puck
Uranus XV (15)
81±2[42] Satellite of Uranus
Aegle
96
84 ± 3 5.1 Main-belt asteroid
Germania
241
89 ± 4 5.05 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Prokne
194
85 ± 3 5 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Stereoskopia
566
84[43] Outer main-belt asteroidCybele
Amalthea
Jupiter V (5)
84±2 2.08 ± 0.15 Satellite of Jupiter$
Agamemnon
911
83 ± ?? Jupiter trojan
Kalliope
22
90 ± 2 8.09M Main-belt asteroidM-typebinary
Borasisi
66652
70–90?[citation needed] Trans-Neptunian objectcubewanobinary
Siegena
386
85 ± 4 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Elpis
59
82 ± 3 Main-belt asteroid
Diomedes
1437
82 ± 2 4.6 Jupiter trojan
GyptisM
444
82 ± 5 12.5 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Aspasia
409
88 ± 2 4.42 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Dioretsa
20461
unknown Centaur[44]Damocloid
Dido
209
70 ± 5 4.28 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Chicago
334
84 ± 4 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Hispania
804
74 ± 2 9.95 Main-belt asteroidP-type
Eunike
185
80 ± 3 4.09 Main-belt asteroid
Juewa
139
81 ± 4 4 Main-belt asteroid
Io
85
80 ± ?? 3.4 Main-belt asteroid
Loreley
165
82 ± 4 3.91 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Pretoria
790
80.49[34] Outer main-belt asteroidCybele
Ino
173
80 ± 3 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Altjira 9
148780
60–100 Trans-Neptunian objectcubewano
Eleonora
354
77 ± 3 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Laetitia
39
76.9[34] 3.5 Main-belt asteroid
Irene
14
76 ± ?? 8.2 Main-belt asteroid
Julia
89
74 ± 4 3.6 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Merapi
536
76 ± 2 Main-belt asteroid
Berbericia
776
76 ± 2 Main-belt asteroid
Adeona
145
75 ± 3 3.6 Main-belt asteroidAdena
Nuwa
150
73 ± 5 3.62 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Despina
Neptune V (5)
75±3 Satellite of Neptune
Sycorax
Uranus XVII (17)
75 (assumed) 2.3 Satellite of Uranus
Manwë
385446
ca. 75 Resonant KBO (4:7)
Pales M
49
74.9[45] 2.69 Main-belt asteroidC-type
S/2007 (148780) 1
Altjira I
50–90 Secondary of 148780 Altjira
Lomia
117
ca. 70 3.4 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Hypatia
238
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Sibylla
168
ca. 70 3.42 Main-belt asteroidC-type
EmmaM
283
ca. 70 1.38 Main-belt asteroidbinary
Nemausa
51
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Dione
106
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidG-type
Meliboea
137
ca. 70 3.2 Main-belt asteroid
Massalia$
20
ca. 70 5.67 Main-belt asteroid
Isolda
211
ca. 70 3.07 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Äneas
1172
ca. 70 Jupiter trojan
Vibilia
144
ca. 70 3 Main-belt asteroid
Princetonia
508
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Helio
895
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidB-type
Bononia
361
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidD-type
Bertholda
420
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidP-type
Minerva
93
ca. 70 2.9 Main-belt asteroidC-typetrinary
Patroclus
617
ca. 70 Jupiter trojanbinary
Polyxo
308
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidT-type
Melpomene
18
ca. 70 3 Main-belt asteroid
Adorea
268
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Dembowska
349
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidR-type
Comacina
489
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Hesperia
69
ca. 70 2.76 Main-belt asteroidM-type
Alexandra
54
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Pulcova
762
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidC-typebinary
Pabu
Borasisi I
ca. 70 Secondary of 66652 Borasisi
Philomela
196
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Medea
212
ca. 70 2.64 Main-belt asteroid
Arethusa
95
ca. 70 2.6 Main-belt asteroid
Portia
Uranus XII (12)
68±4 1.7 Satellite of Uranus
Achilles
588
ca. 70 Jupiter trojan
Wratislavia
690
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Ate
111
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Eukrate
247
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Erminia
705
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Papagena
471
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Phorcys
Ceto I
86±5 1.67[36] Satellite of 65489 Ceto
Protogeneia
147
ca. 70 2.5 Main-belt asteroid
Menoetius
Patroclus I
ca. 70 Secondary of 617 Patroclus
Desiderata
344
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Lucina
146
ca. 70 2.4 Main-belt asteroid
Lumen
141
ca. 70 1.6 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Liguria
356
ca. 70 Main-belt asteroid
Parthenope
11
ca. 70 6.15M Main-belt asteroid
Lamberta
187
ca. 70 2.37 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Aurelia
419
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidF-type
Dynamene
200
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Flora
8
ca. 60 8.47 Main-belt asteroidS-typeFlora
Boliviana
712
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidX-type
Zelinda
654
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Hippo
426
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Aglaja
47
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Thule
279
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidD-type
Undina
92
ca. 60 2.1 Main-belt asteroidM-type
Anchises
1173
ca. 60 Jupiter trojan
Odysseus
1143
ca. 60 Jupiter trojan (L4)
Argentina
469
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidCybele
Aemilia
159
ca. 60 1.4 Main-belt asteroid
Thia
405
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Marianna
602
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Hestia
46
ca. 60 3.5[46]–21[47] Main-belt asteroid
Kleopatra
216
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidM-typetrinary
Klymene
104
ca. 60 2 Main-belt asteroid
Chloris
410
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Sophrosyne
134
ca. 60 2 Main-belt asteroid
Gudrun
328
ca. 60 1.94 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Deiphobus
1867
ca. 60 Jupiter trojan
Leto
68
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Panopaea
70
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Sawiskera
Teharonhiawako I
ca. 60 Secondary of 88611 Teharonhiawako
Johanna
127
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Adelheid
276
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Iduna
176
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidG-type
Xanthippe
156
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Bellona
28
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Semele
86
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Diana
78
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Myrrha
381
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Henrietta
225
ca. 60 1.83 Main-belt asteroidC-typeCybele
Elfriede
618
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Artemis
105
ca. 60 1.8 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Terpsichore
81
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Astraea
5
ca. 60 2.9 Main-belt asteroid
Galatea
74
ca. 60 1.8 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Ornamenta
350
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Tanete
772
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Hedwig
476
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Freda
1093
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Ophelia
171
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-typeThemis
Ulla
909
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Paris
3317
ca. 60 Jupiter trojan
Pompeja
203
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Makhaon
3063
ca. 60 1.6 Jupiter trojan
2006 SQ372
308933
ca. 60 TNO
Leda
38
ca. 60 1.6 Main-belt asteroid
Carlova
360
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Brixia
521
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Veritas
490
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid—Veritas
Tisiphone
466
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Kalypso
53
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Alcathous
2241
ca. 60 Jupiter trojan
Charybdis
388
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Circe
34
ca. 60 1.5 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Epimetheus
Saturn XI (11)
58±2 0.5304[48] Satellite of Saturn$
Scheila
596
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Melete
56
ca. 60 1.5 Main-belt asteroid
Antigone
129
ca. 60 2 Main-belt asteroid—nickel–iron
Victoria
12
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Mnemosyne
57
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Messalina
545
ca. 60 Main-belt asteroid
Teucer
2797
ca. 60 Jupiter trojan (L4)
Automedon
2920
ca. 60 Jupiter trojan (L4)
Aegina
91
ca. 50 1.4 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Siwa
140
ca. 50 1.4 Main-belt asteroid
Tauris
814
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Polyxena
595
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Athamantis
230
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Nestor
659
ca. 50 Jupiter trojan
Fides
37
ca. 50 1.3 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Armida
514
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Thalia
23
ca. 50 1.3 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Mandeville
739
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidX-type
Harmonia
40
ca. 50 1.3 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Eucharis
181
ca. 50 1.2 Main-belt asteroidK-type
Hermentaria
346
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Ninina
357
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Marion
506
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Corduba
365
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Atalante
36
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Luscinia
713
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Rollandia
1269
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Eva
164
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Ianthe
98
ca. 50 1.2 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Vanadis
240
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Eos
221
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidK-type
Hohensteina
788
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Ani
791
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Troilus
1208
ca. 50 Jupiter trojan
Nausikaa
192
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Ausonia
63
ca. 50 1.1 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Leukothea
35
ca. 50 1.1 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Kythera
570
ca. 50 Main belt asteroid
Asterope
233
ca. 50 Main belt asteroidT-type
Euforbo
4063
ca. 50 Jupiter trojan
Antilochus
1583
ca. 50 Jupiter trojan
Abastumani
1390
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Helga
522
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidCybele
Andromache
175
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Kolga
191
ca. 50 1.08 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Gerlinde
663
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Notburga
626
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Aquitania
387
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Isis
42
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Urania
30
ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidS-type

Examples of objects between 50 km and 20 km in radius

There are about 589 asteroids in the asteroid belt with a measured radius between 20 and 50 km.[49] Many thousands of objects of this size range have yet to be discovered in the Trans-Neptunian region. The number of digits is not an endorsement of significant figures. The table switches from ×1018 kg to ×1015 kg (Eg), and many of these mass values are assumed. (See also: List of minor planets.)

Satellites of Jupiter
Satellites of Saturn
Satellites of Uranus
Satellites of Neptune
Satellites of Pluto
Body Image Mean radius
(km)
Mass
×1015 kg
(Eg)
Type of object
21 Lutetia
ca. 50 1700 [50] Main-belt asteroidM-type
50 Virginia ca. 50 Asteroid
114 Kassandra ca. 50 1000 Main-belt asteroidT-type
1021 Flammario ca. 50 Asteroid
162 Laurentia ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
401 Ottilia ca. 50 Main-belt asteroid
Thebe
Jupiter XIV (14)
ca. 50 Satellite of Jupiter
148 Gallia ca. 50 980 Main-belt asteroidR-type
404 Arsinoe ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidC-type
27 Euterpe ca. 50 Main-belt asteroidS-type
773 Irmintraud ca. 50 AsteroidD-type
62 Erato ca. 50 910 Main-belt asteroidThemis
26 Proserpina ca. 45 900 Asteroid
345 Tercidina ca. 45 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Juliet
Uranus XI
ca. 45 Satellite of Uranus
58 Concordia ca. 45 850 Asteroid
229 Adelinda ca. 45 Main-belt asteroidC-type
379 Huenna ca. 45 480 Main-belt asteroidC-type
Nix
Pluto II
ca. 45 70 Satellite of Pluto
103 Hera ca. 45 790 Asteroid
17 Thetis ca. 45 1200 Asteroid
143 Adria ca. 45 760 Main-belt asteroid
109 Felicitas ca. 45 750 Asteroid
100 Hekate ca. 45 1000 Asteroid
90 Antiope A ca. 45 410 AsteroidC-typebinary
227 Philosophia ca. 45 Main-belt asteroid
Prometheus $
Saturn XVI (16)
ca. 45 156.6 Satellite of Saturn
110 Lydia ca. 45 670 Asteroid
Elara
Jupiter VII
ca. 45 Satellite of JupiterHimalia group
72 Feronia ca. 45 670 Asteroid
Thorondor
Manwë I
ca. 40 Satellite of Manwë
60558 Echeclus
174P/Echeclus
ca. 40 Centaur[51]
S/2000 (90) 1 ca. 40 Asteroid moon of 90 Antiope
71 Niobe ca. 40 610 Asteroid
102 Miriam ca. 40 Asteroid
97 Klotho ca. 40 590 Asteroid
61 Danae ca. 40 Asteroid
Thalassa
Neptune IV
ca. 40 Satellite of Neptune
122 Gerda ca. 40 570 Main-belt asteroidS-type
Pandora$
Saturn XVII (17)
ca. 40 135.6 Satellite of Saturn
83 Beatrix ca. 40 560 Main-belt asteroidX-type
32 Pomona ca. 40 Asteroid
Belinda
Uranus XIV (14)
ca. 40 Satellite of Uranus
115 Thyra ca. 40 Asteroid
Cressida
Uranus IX
ca. 40 Satellite of Uranus
135 Hertha ca. 40 Asteroid
84 Klio ca. 40 520 Asteroid
80 Sappho ca. 40 Asteroid
Echidna
Typhon I
44±3 Satellite of 42355 Typhon
1001 Gaussia ca. 40 Asteroid
58534 Logos ca. 40 270 Kuiper belt objectcubewanobinary
124 Alkeste ca. 40 470 Main-belt asteroidS-type
55576 Amycus ca. 40 Centaur
25 Phocaea ca. 40 Asteroid
Weywot
Quaoar I
ca. 35 Satellite of Quaoar
8405 Asbolus ca. 35 Centaur
112 Iphigenia ca. 35 Asteroid
Hydra
Pluto III
ca. 35 Satellite of Pluto
Rosalind*
Uranus XIII (13)
ca. 35 250 Satellite of Uranus
Caliban
Uranus XVI (16)
ca. 35 Satellite of Uranus
99 Dike ca. 35 390 Asteroid
66 Maja ca. 35 Asteroid
116 Sirona ca. 35 Main-belt asteroid
44 Nysa ca. 35 370 Main-belt asteroidE-type
10370 Hylonome ca. 35 Centaur
77 Frigga ca. 35 350 Asteroid
55 Pandora ca. 35 Asteroid
133 Cyrene ca. 35 310 Main-belt asteroidS-type
79 Eurynome ca. 35 Asteroid
Zoe
Logos I
ca. 35 Satellite of 58534 Logos
Naiad
Neptune III
ca. 35 Satellite of Neptune
43 Ariadne ca. 35 Asteroid
101 Helena ca. 35 300 Asteroid
108 Hecuba ca. 30 390 Asteroid
Desdemona
Uranus X
ca. 30 Satellite of Uranus
Halimede*
Neptune IX
ca. 30 Satellite of Neptune
52975 Cyllarus ca. 30 Centaur
82 Alkmene ca. 30 Asteroid
60 Echo ca. 30 Asteroid
Crantor
83982
ca. 30 Centaur
Comet Hale–Bopp
C/1995 O1
ca. 30 Comet
Pasiphae*
Jupiter VIII
ca. 30 Satellite of Jupiter
7066 Nessus ca. 30 Centaur
Neso
Neptune XIII (13)
ca. 30 Satellite of Neptune
64 Angelina ca. 30 Main-belt asteroidE-type
67 Asia ca. 30 Asteroid
119 Althaea ca. 30 200 Main-belt asteroidS-type
75 Eurydike ca. 30 180 Main-belt asteroidM-type
142 Polana ca. 30 180 Main-belt asteroidF-type
253 Mathilde$
26.4 103.3 Main-belt asteroidC-type
52872 Okyrhoe ca. 25 Centaur
Bianca
Uranus VIII
ca. 25 92 Satellite of Uranus
Prospero
Uranus XVIII (18)
ca. 25 85 Satellite of Uranus
Setebos
Uranus XIX (19)
ca. 25 75 Satellite of Uranus
123 Brunhild ca. 25 Main-belt asteroid
4348 Poulydamas ca. 25 AsteroidJupiter Trojan
1000 Piazzia ca. 25 Main-belt asteroid
113 Amalthea ca. 25 100 Main-belt asteroid
Carme*
Jupiter XI
ca. 25 130 Satellite of JupiterCarme group
138 Tolosa ca. 25 99 Main-belt asteroidS-type
126 Velleda ca. 20 94 Main-belt asteroid
73 Klytia ca. 20 92 Asteroid
Sao
Neptune XI (11)
ca. 20 Satellite of Neptune
125 Liberatrix ca. 20 87 Main-belt asteroidM-type
Metis
Jupiter XVI (16)
ca. 20 36 Satellite of Jupiter
132 Aethra ca. 20 82 Main-belt asteroidM-type
Ophelia*
Uranus VII
ca. 20 53 Satellite of Uranus
Laomedeia
Neptune XII (12)
ca. 20 Satellite of Neptune
118 Peitho ca. 20 76 Main-belt asteroid
208 Lacrimosa ca. 20 73.9 Main-belt asteroidKoronisS-type
136 Austria ca. 20 68 Main-belt asteroidM-type
131 Vala ca. 20 69 Main-belt asteroid
Cordelia*
Uranus VI
ca. 20 44 Satellite of Uranus
Siarnaq
Saturn XXIX (29)
ca. 20 Satellite of Saturn

Examples of objects between 20 km and 1 km in radius

Satellites of Mars
Satellites of Jupiter
Satellites of Saturn
Satellites of Uranus
Satellites of Neptune
Satellites of Pluto
Body Image Mean
radius
(km)
Mass
×1015 kg
(Eg)
Type of object
167 Urda ca. 20 66.7 Main-belt asteroidKoronisS-type
Hidalgo
944
ca. 20 Centaur
Sinope*
Jupiter IX
ca. 20 76 Satellite of Jupiter
Psamathe*
Neptune X
ca. 20 37 Satellite of Neptune
29P/Schwassmann–
Wachmann
ca. 20 Cometcentaur
Lysithea*
Jupiter X
ca. 20 63 Satellite of JupiterHimalia group
158 Koronis ca. 20 Main-belt asteroidKoronisS-type
Helene
Saturn XII (12)
Dione B
17.6±0.4 km[52] 25 Satellite of SaturnDione trojan
226 Weringia ca. 15 Main-belt asteroidS-type
433 Eros$
ca. 15 66.9 Near-Earth asteroidAmor
Stephano
Uranus XX (20)
ca. 15 22 Satellite of Uranus
Albiorix
Saturn XXVI (26)
ca. 15 Satellite of Saturn
1036 Ganymed ca. 15 33 Near-Earth asteroid
1815 Beethoven ca. 15 Main-belt asteroid
243 Ida
15.7[53] 42 Main-belt asteroidKoronisS-typebinary
1655 Comas Solà 15.3±1.1[54] Belt asteroidB-type
Atlas$
Saturn XV (15)
15.1±0.9 km [52] 66 Satellite of Saturn
31824 Elatus ca. 15 Centaur
Perdita
Uranus XXV (25)
ca. 15 13 Satellite of Uranus
Pan$
Saturn XVIII (18)
14.1±1.3 km[55] 4.95[56] Satellite of Saturn
Linus
Kalliope I
ca. 15 60[57] Moon of 22 Kalliope
Ananke
Jupiter XII (12)
ca. 15 38.2 Satellite of Jupiter
Telesto
Saturn XIII (13) or Tethys B
ca. 10 Satellite of SaturnTethys trojan
Phobos$
Mars I
11.267 10.7 Satellite of Mars
Paaliaq
Saturn XX (20)
ca. 10 8.2 Satellite of Saturn
Francisco
Uranus XXII (22)
ca. 10 7.2 Satellite of Uranus
Calypso
Saturn XIV (14) or Tethys C
ca. 10 Satellite of SaturnTethys trojan
Leda
Jupiter XIII (13)
ca. 10 11 Satellite of JupiterHimalia group
Ferdinand
Uranus XXIV (24)
ca. 10 5.4 Satellite of Uranus
Margaret
Uranus XXIII (23)
ca. 10 5.4 Satellite of Uranus
149 Medusa ca. 10 8 Main-belt asteroid
Romulus
Sylvia I
ca. 10 4 Moon of 87 Sylvia
Ymir
Saturn XIX (19)
ca. 10 Satellite of Saturn
Trinculo
Uranus XXI (21)
ca. 10 3.9 Satellite of Uranus
Cupid
Uranus XXVII (27)
ca. 10 3.8 Satellite of Uranus
S/2004 N 1 ca. 10 Satellite of Neptune
2002 Euler ca. 10 5.5 Asteroid
Adrastea
Jupiter XV (15)
ca. 10 2 Satellite of Jupiter
Kiviuq
Saturn XXIV (24)
ca. 10 Satellite of Saturn
2000 Herschel ca. 10 Main-belt asteroid[58]
Tarvos
Saturn XXI (21)
ca. 10 Satellite of Saturn
S/2006 (624) 1
Hektor I
ca. 10 Moon of 624 Hektor
2685 Masursky
ca. 10 5–11 Asteroid
Comet Comas Solà 4.2[59] Jupiter-family comet
(65407) 2002 RP120 ca. 5 3.1 Damocloid (retrograde) & possible ejected SDO
Bestla
Saturn XXXIX (39)
ca. 5 Satellite of Saturn
Kerberos
Pluto IV
ca. 10 Satellite of Pluto
Petit-Prince
Eugenia I
ca. 5 1.2 Moon of 45 Eugenia
Deimos$
Mars II
ca. 5 1.48 Satellite of Mars
951 Gaspra
6.1 ± 0.4 [60] 2–3 Asteroid
Ijiraq
Saturn XXII (22)
ca. 5 Satellite of Saturn
S/2002 (121) 1
Hermione I
ca. 5 1.6 Moon of 121 Hermione
Halley's Comet
ca. 5 0.03[61] Comet
S/2001 (107) 1
Camilla I
ca. 5 1.5 Moon of 107 Camilla
Styx
Pluto V
ca. 10 Satellite of Pluto
Mab
Uranus XXVI (26)
ca. 5 Satellite of Uranus
Erriapus
Saturn XXVIII (28)
ca. 5 Satellite of Saturn
26858 Misterrogers ca. 5 Asteroid
Callirrhoe
Jupiter XVII (17)
ca. 5 Satellite of Jupiter
Themisto
Jupiter XVIII (18)
ca. 5 0.69 Satellite of Jupiter
Daphnis
Saturn XXXV (35)
3.9±0.8 0.084[56] Satellite of Saturn
Remus
Sylvia II
ca. 5 0.2 Moon of 87 Sylvia
S/2003 (379) 1
Huenna I
ca. 5 Moon of 379 Huenna
9P/Tempel
2.8[62] 0.075 Comet
S/2003 (130) 1
Elektra I
ca. 5 0.4 Moon of 130 Elektra
S/2004 (45) 1
Eugenia II
ca. 5 Moon of 45 Eugenia
118401 LINEAR ca. 5 0.23 Main-belt comet
4179 Toutatis
ca. 5 0.05 Near-Earth asteroid
2867 Šteins
2.65 km[63] AsteroidE-type
3200 Phaethon ca. 5 0.14 AsteroidApolloB-type
3753 Cruithne < 5 .13 Asteroid & quasi-satellite of Earth
5535 Annefrank
< 5 Asteroid
19P/Borrelly
2.4[64] Comet (Jupiter family)
2P/Encke
< 5 Comet
C/1996 B2
Comet Hyakutake
< 5 Comet[65]
81P/Wild
Wild 2
< 5 Comet
Pallene
Saturn XXXIII (33)
< 5 0.043 Satellite of Saturn
Polydeuces
Saturn XXXIV (34)
Dione C
< 5 0.03 Satellite of SaturnDione trojan
17P/Holmes
< 5 Comet
Comet Churyumov–Gerasimenko
1.9 Comet
(53319) 1999 JM8
1.75[66] Asteroid
Methone
Saturn XXXII (32)
1.6 ± 0.6 0.019 Satellite of Saturn
(285263) 1998 QE2
< 5 Near-Earth asteroid—Binary
4055 Magellan
< 5 AsteroidAmorV-type
9969 Braille
< 5 Asteroid
132524 APL
< 5 Asteroid
(6178) 1986 DA < 5 0.002 AsteroidAmorM-type

Examples of objects below 1 km (1000 m) in radius

Satellites of Jupiter
Satellites of Saturn
Satellites of Uranus
Satellites of Neptune

In the asteroid belt alone there are estimated to be between 1.1 and 1.9 million objects with a radius above 0.5 km,[67] many of which are in the range 0.5–1.0 km. Countless more have a radius below 0.5 km.

Very few objects in this size range have been explored or even imaged. The exceptions are objects that have been visited by a probe, or have passed close enough to Earth to be imaged. Radius is by mean geometric radius. Number of digits not an endorsement of significant figures. Mass scale shifts from × 1015 to 1012 kg, which is 1015 grams (Petagram - Pg).

Body Image Mean
radius
(m)
Mass
×1012 kg
Type of object
1620 Geographos
885[68] 4 Near-Earth asteroidApollo
1862 Apollo 850 5.1 Near-Earth asteroidApolloQ-type
(214869) 2007 PA8 ≈800[69] Near-Earth asteroidApollo
100000 Astronautica ≈800[70] Inner main-belt asteroid[71]
Dactyl
Ida I
700 Moon of 243 Ida
1566 Icarus 700 2.9 Near-Earth asteroidApolloU-type
4769 Castalia 700[72] 1.3 Near-Earth asteroidApollo
(137108) 1999 AN10 650 Near-Earth asteroidApollo
(29075) 1950 DA
600 3 Near-Earth asteroidApollo
(66391) 1999 KW4
600 2.33 Mercury-crosser asteroidAten
46P/Wirtanen 600 Comet
103P/Hartley
Hartley 2
570±80 0.3[73] Comet
3908 Nyx 520 5 Near-Earth asteroidAmorV-type
14827 Hypnos 450[74] Comet (dormant)[75]
2062 Aten 450[76] 0.76 Near-Earth asteroidAten
2007 CA19 432 1.2 Near-Earth asteroidApollo
6489 Golevka 350[77] Near-Earth asteroidApollo
25143 Itokawa 346 0.0358 Near-Earth asteroidApollo
2004 XP14 300 Near-Earth asteroidApollo
(144898) 2004 VD17 290 3[78] Near-Earth asteroidApollo
Aegaeon
Saturn LIII (53)
250 Satellite of Saturn
2005 YU55[79]
308635
180[80] Near-Earth asteroidApolloPHO[81]
4660 Nereus
165[82] Near-Earth asteroidApollo
(357439) 2004 BL86 162.5 Near-Earth asteroidApollobinary
99942 Apophis 162.5[83] 0.05[78] Near-Earth asteroidAtenPHO
S/2009 S 1
150 Satellite of Saturn
2010 TK7 150 Earth trojanApollo
2007 TU24
125[84] Near-Earth asteroidApolloPHO
2002 JE9 100 NEAApolloPHO
2010 XC15 100 NEAApolloPHO
1994 WR12 65[85] 0.002[78] Near-Earth asteroidAten
2009 FD
410777
65[86] 0.0028[86] Near-Earth asteroidApollo
2008 HJ [ 18 [87] 0.000005 [87] Near-Earth asteroid & fast rotator (42 s)[87]
367943 Duende
2012 DA14
15 Near-Earth asteroid
1998 KY26 15[88] Near-Earth asteroid & fast rotator (10 m)

Currently most of the objects of mass between 109 kg to 1012 kg (less than 1000 teragrams (Tg)) listed here are near-Earth asteroids. (See also: List of NEAs by distance from Sun.) 1994 WR12 has less mass than the Great Pyramid of Giza, 5.9 × 109 kg.

For more about very small objects in the Solar System, see meteoroid, micrometeoroid, and interplanetary dust cloud. (See also Visited/imaged bodies.)

Surface gravity

The surface gravity at the equator of a body can in most cases be accurately calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation and centrifugal force.

The gravitational acceleration at the equator is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula that follows from this law is:

where

ag is the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration
G is the gravitational constant
m is the mass of the celestial body
r is the equatorial radius of the celestial body (if this varies significantly, the mean equatorial radius is used)

The magnitude of the outward acceleration due to centrifugal force is given by

where

T is the rotation period of the celestial body

The surface gravity at the equator is then given by

Notes

Using equatorial radius and assuming body is spherical
Using three radii and assuming body is spheroid
* Radius is known only very approximately
R Radius has been determined by various methods, such as optical (Hubble), thermal (Spitzer), or direct imaging via spacecraft
9 Unknown radius, generic assumed albedo of 0.09
$ Well studied asteroid or moon whose dimensions and mass are very well known. Asteroid sizes and masses taken from James Baer's (Bio) personal website.
M Mass has been determined by perturbation. For asteroids, see James Baer's personal website.
Note: For many of the well-determined moons, radii were taken from the JPL Solar System Dynamics page.
O Radius has been determined by an occultation

References

  1. ^ Mike Brown. "The Dwarf Planets". CalTech. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2008-09-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ D. T. Britt; G. J. Consol-magno SJ; W. J. Merline (2006). "Small Body Density and Porosity: New Data, New Insights" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. Retrieved 2008-12-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
  4. ^ Williams, Dr. David R. (2007-11-23). "Uranian Satellite Fact Sheet". NASA (National Space Science Data Center). Archived from the original on 2010-01-18. Retrieved 2008-12-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Mike Brown, How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?[1]
  6. ^ [2]
  7. ^ [3]
  8. ^ NASA - Uranus Facts
  9. ^ Emilio, M.; Kuhn, J. R.; Bush, R. I.; Scholl, I. F. (2012). "Measuring the Solar Radius from Space during the 2003 and 2006 Mercury Transits". The Astrophysical Journal. 750 (2): 135. arXiv:1203.4898. Bibcode:2012ApJ...750..135E. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/135.
  10. ^ Exploring the spatial, temporal, and vertical distribution of methane in Pluto's atmosphere
  11. ^ "Size, density, albedo and atmosphere limit of dwarf planet Eris from a stellar occultation" (PDF). European Planetary Science Congress Abstracts. 6. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  12. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1126/science.1139415 , please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi= 10.1126/science.1139415 instead.
  13. ^ Santos-Sanz, P., Lellouch, E., Fornasier, S., Kiss, C., Pal, A., Müller, T. G., Vilenius, E., Stansberry, J., Mommert, M., Delsanti, A., Mueller, M., Peixinho, N., Henry, F., Ortiz, J. L., Thirouin, A., Protopapa, S., Duffard, R., Szalai, N., Lim, T., Ejeta, C., Hartogh, P., Harris, A. W., & Rengel, M. (2012). "TNOs are Cool": A Survey of the Transneptunian Region IV - Size/albedo characterization of 15 scattered disk and detached objects observed with Herschel Space Observatory-PACS
  14. ^ a b Pedro Lacerda and David C. Jewitt - Densities of Solar System Objects from their Rotational Lightcurves (2006)- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822
  15. ^ S. Fornasier, E. Lellouch, T. Müller, P. Santos-Sanz, P. Panuzzo, C. Kiss, T. Lim, M. Mommert, D. Bockelée-Morvan, E. Vilenius, J. Stansberry, G.P. Tozzi, S. Mottola, A. Delsanti, J. Crovisier, R. Duffard, F. Henry, P. Lacerda, A. Barucci, A. Gicquel (2013). "TNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. VIII. Combined Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations of 9 bright targets at 70–500 μm". arXiv:1305.0449. {{cite arXiv}}: Unknown parameter |version= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Roatsch Jaumann et al. 2009, p. 765, Tables 24.1–2
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Wm. Robert Johnston (20 August 2011). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
  18. ^ a b Rayman, Marc D. (28 May 2015). "Dawn Journal, May 28, 2015". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  19. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117486, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201117486 instead.
  20. ^ J.A. Stansberry. "Physical Properties of Trans-Neptunian Binaries (120347) Salacia–Actaea and (42355) Typhon–Echidna". Elsevier. Retrieved 2012-04-27.
  21. ^ M.E. Brown, 2013, "The density of mid-sized Kuiper belt object 2002 UX25 and the formation of the dwarf planets"
  22. ^ Lorenzi, V.; Pinilla-Alonso, N.; Licandro, J. P.; Dalle Ore, C. M.; Emery (24 January 2014). "Rotationally resolved spectroscopy of (20000) Varuna in the near-infrared" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
  23. ^ "2010 KZ39". IAU Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
  24. ^ Schmidt, B. E.; et al. (2008). "Hubble takes a look at Pallas: Shape, size, and surface" (PDF). 39th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIX). Held March 10–14, 2008, in League City, Texas. 1391: 2502. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
  25. ^ a b Russell, C. T.; et al. (2012). "Dawn at Vesta: Testing the Protoplanetary Paradigm". Science. 336 (6082): 684. Bibcode:2012Sci...336..684R. doi:10.1126/science.1219381.
  26. ^ Fu, R. R.; Hager, B. H.; Ermakov, A.I.; Zuber, M.T. (2013). "Early Viscous Relaxation of Asteroid Vesta and Implications for Late Impact-Driven Despinning" (PDF). 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: 2115.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ Asmar, S. W.; Konopliv, A. S.; Park, R. S.; Bills, B. G.; Gaskell, R.; Raymond, C. A.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Toplis, M. J.; Zuber, M. T. (2012). "The Gravity Field of Vesta and Implications for Interior Structure" (PDF). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: 2600.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". JPL (Solar System Dynamics). 2006-07-13. Archived from the original on 2010-01-18. Retrieved 2008-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "JPL definition of Main-belt Asteroid (MBA)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  30. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015011, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201015011 instead.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g M. Kaasalainen (2002). "Models of Twenty Asteroids from Photometric Data" (PDF). Icarus. 159 (2): 369. Bibcode:2002Icar..159..369K. doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6907. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
  32. ^ [4]
  33. ^ a b J. Torppa; et al. (2003). "Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data" (PDF). Icarus. 164 (2): 346. Bibcode:2003Icar..164..346T. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00146-5. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |author-separator= ignored (help)
  34. ^ a b c Carry, Benoit; Snodgrass, Colin; Lacerda, Pedro; Hainaut, Olivier; Dumas, Christophe (16 July 2012). "Characterisation of candidate members of (136108) Haumea's family: II. Follow-up observations" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 544. EDP Sciences. arXiv:1207.6491. Bibcode:2012A&A...544A.137C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219044. Retrieved 8 June 2014. Cite error: The named reference "Carry2012" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  35. ^ a b c TNOs are Cool: A survey of the trans-Neptunian region. X. Analysis of classical Kuiper belt objects from Herschel and Spitzer observations
  36. ^ a b Grundy, W.M.; Stansberry, J.A.; Noll K.S.; Stephens, D.C.; et al. (2007). "The orbit, mass, size, albedo, and density of (65489) Ceto/Phorcys: A tidally-evolved binary Centaur". Icarus. arXiv:0704.1523. Bibcode:2007Icar..191..286G. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.004.
  37. ^ JPL/NASA, 2012 Apr 26. Cassini Finds Saturn Moon Has Planet-Like Qualities
  38. ^ Durech., J.; Kaasalainen, M., Marciniak, A.; et al., "Physical models of ten asteroids from an observers' collaboration network", Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 465, Issue 1, April I 2007, pp. 331-337
  39. ^ [Planetary occultations: 2001 results|http://occsec.wellington.net.nz/planet/2001/plnres01.htm#Aurora]
  40. ^ F. Marchis; et al. (2006). "Shape, size and multiplicity of main-belt asteroids I. Keck Adaptive Optics survey". Icarus. 185 (1): 39–63. Bibcode:2006Icar..185...39M. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.001. PMC 2600456. PMID 19081813.
  41. ^ Emelyanov, N.V.; Archinal, B. A.; A’hearn, M. F.; et al. (2005). "The mass of Himalia from the perturbations on other satellites". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 438 (3): L33–L36. Bibcode:2005A&A...438L..33E. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500143. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  42. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1006/icar.2001.6597 , please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi= 10.1006/icar.2001.6597 instead.
  43. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 566 Stereoskopia (1905 QO)" (2010-06-24 last obs). Retrieved 2010-09-05.
  44. ^ JPL Small-Body Database Browser on 20461 Dioretsa
  45. ^ Tedesco; et al. (2004). "Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey (SIMPS)". IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Planetary Data System. Retrieved December 29, 2008.
  46. ^ Michalak, G. (2001). "Determination of asteroid masses". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 374 (2): 703–711. Bibcode:2001A&A...374..703M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010731. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
  47. ^ Bange, J.F; A. Bec-Borsenberger (1997). "DETERMINATION OF THE MASSES OF MINOR PLANETS" (PDF): 169. Retrieved 2008-11-10. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  48. ^ Spitale, J. N.; et al. (2006). "The orbits of Saturn's small satellites derived from combined historic and Cassini imaging observations". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (2): 692–710. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..692S. doi:10.1086/505206. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  49. ^ JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine
  50. ^ Jonathan Amos - Asteroid Lutetia has thick blanket of debris (4 October 2010) - BBC News Template:WebCite
  51. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 60558 Echeclus (2000 EC98)" (2008-05-07 last obs). Retrieved 2008-09-09.
  52. ^ a b Thomas 2010.
  53. ^ Britt, D. T.; Yeomans, D. K.; Housen, K.; Consolmagno, G. (2002). "Asteroid Density, Porosity, and Structure" (PDF). Asteroids III. Tucson: University of Arizona: 485–500. Bibcode:2002aste.conf..485B. Retrieved 2008-10-27.
  54. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser 1655 Comas Sola". NASA. Retrieved 2014-11-07. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  55. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.025 instead.
  56. ^ a b Porco, C. C.; et al. (2007). "Saturn's Small Inner Satellites: Clues to Their Origins". Science. 318 (5856): 1602–1607. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1602P. doi:10.1126/science.1143977. PMID 18063794. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  57. ^ F. Marchis; et al. (2003). "A three-dimensional solution for the orbit of the asteroidal satellite of 22 Kalliope". Icarus. 165 (1): 112. Bibcode:2003Icar..165..112M. doi:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00195-7. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  58. ^ JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2000 Herschel
  59. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser 32P/Comas Sola". NASA. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
  60. ^ [5]
  61. ^ Using the volume of an ellipsoid of 15x8x8km * an assumed rubble pile density of 0.6 g/cm3 yields a mass (m=d*v) of ~3.02E+14 kg
  62. ^ P. Thomas - The Nucleus of Comet 9P/Tempel 1: Shape & Geology From Two Flybys
  63. ^ H. U. Keller, et all - E-Type Asteroid (2867) Steins as Imaged by OSIRIS on Board Rosetta - Science 8 January 2010: Vol. 327. no. 5962, pp. 190 - 193 doi:10.1126/science.1179559
  64. ^ http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Com_19PBorrelly&Display=Facts&System=Metric
  65. ^ "Comet Hyakutake Home Page (JPL)". .jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-01-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  66. ^ Diane Ainsworth. "RADAR IMAGES CAPTURE BIG, SLOWLY TUMBLING ASTEROID". NASA/JPL Media Relations Office. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  67. ^ Tedesco, Edward; Metcalfe, Leo (April 4, 2002). "New study reveals twice as many asteroids as previously believed" (Press release). European Space Agency. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
  68. ^ Asteroid Data Archive, Archive Planetary Science Institute
  69. ^ NASA - 2007 PA8
  70. ^ Minor Planet No. 100,000 Named for Space Age 50th Anniversary (2007) - Space Ref, Quote: "..about a mile in size"
  71. ^ JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 100000 Astronautica
  72. ^ Alan Chamberlin. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". Ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-01-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  73. ^ Lisse, C. M.; Fernandez; Reach; Bauer; A'Hearn; Farnham; et al. (2009). "Spitzer Space Telescope Observations of the Nucleus of Comet 103P/Hartley 2". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 121: 968–975. arXiv:0906.4733. Bibcode:2009PASP..121..968L. doi:10.1086/605546.
  74. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 14827 Hypnos (1986 JK)". Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2008-02-08. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  75. ^ Whitman, Kathryn; Alessandro Morbidelli; Robert Jedicke (2006). "The Size-Frequency Distribution of Dormant Jupiter Family Comets". arXiv:astro-ph/0603106. Bibcode:2006Icar..183..101W. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.02.016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |lastauthoramp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  76. ^ Benner, et al. - Radar Detection of Near-Earth Asteroids 2062 Aten, 2101 Adonis, 3103 Eger, 4544 Xanthus, and 1992 QN (1997)
  77. ^ Alan Chamberlin. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". Ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-01-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  78. ^ a b c Based on an assumed density of 2.6 g/cm3 as given at the NASA NEO impact risk page http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/index.html Template:WebCite
  79. ^ BBC - Giant asteroid passes near Earth - 9 November 2011
  80. ^ M.W. Busch; et al. (March 31, 2012). "Shape and Spin of Near-Earth Asteroid 308635 (2005 YU55) From Radar Images and Speckle Tracking" (PDF). LPI. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  81. ^ JPL Small-Body Database Browser (2005 YU55)
  82. ^ Alan Chamberlin. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". Ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-01-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  83. ^ ESA (January 9, 2013). "Herschel intercepts asteroid Apophis". European Space Agency (ESA). Retrieved 2013-01-09.
  84. ^ "NASA Scientists Get First Images of Earth Flyby Asteroid". NASA/JPL. 2008-01-25. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2008-01-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  85. ^ NASA - 1994 WR12 Earth Impact Risk Summary - 2011
  86. ^ a b 2009 FD Impact Risk
  87. ^ a b c BBC News - Record spin for newfound asteroid (2008) Template:WebCite
  88. ^ Alan Chamberlin. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". Ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-01-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Further reading

External links

Leave a Reply