| Radula marginata | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Marchantiophyta |
| Class: | Jungermanniopsida |
| Order: | Porellales |
| Family: | Radulaceae |
| Genus: | Radula |
| Species: | R. marginata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Radula marginata (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
| |
Radula marginata, or Wairuakohu, is a species of plant in the genus Radula,[1] a genus of liverworts. It is endemic to New Zealand.[2][3] It has been found to contain cannabinoids.[4][5]
Cannabinoids[edit]
Users smoking the plant have experienced different effects.[6][citation needed] The cannabinoid is not THC, the main psychoactive chemical in cannabis, but it is of similar molecular structure.[4] The liverwort contains perrottetinene and perrottetinenic acid.[4] The quantity of cannabinoid present is much less than in cannabis. Perrottetinene has been shown to be a moderately potent CB1 agonist leading to mild psychoactive effects in mice.[7]
Legal status[edit]
The liverwort grows as a common weed.[citation needed] Owning, growing and distributing the liverwort is legal.
Radula marginata may have been used in rongoā (Māori herbal medicine), but there is no firm evidence of this.
References[edit]
- ^ Hussain, Tajammul; Espley, Richard V.; Gertsch, Jürg; Whare, Tracey; Stehle, Felix; Kayser, Oliver (2019). "Demystifying the liverwort Radula marginata, a critical review on its taxonomy, genetics, cannabinoid phytochemistry and pharmacology". Phytochemistry Reviews. 18 (3): 953–965. doi:10.1007/s11101-019-09638-8. S2CID 199517648.
- ^ "GBIF2550163". Discover Life. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "GBIF2550057". Discover Life. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ a b c Toyota, M.; et al. (2002). "New bibenzyl cannabinoid from the New Zealand liverwort Radula marginata" (PDF). Chem Pharm Bull. 50 (10): 1390–1392. doi:10.1248/cpb.50.1390. PMID 12372871.
- ^ Hussain, Tajammul; Plunkett, Blue; Ejaz, Mahwish; Espley, Richard V.; Kayser, Oliver (2018). "Identification of Putative Precursor Genes for the Biosynthesis of Cannabinoid-Like Compound in Radula marginata". Frontiers in Plant Science. 9: 537. doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.00537. PMC 5954354. PMID 29868043.
- ^ "Radula Marginata (Perrottetinene) - TripMe Forums - Life | Drugs | Music | Knowledge". www.tripme.co.nz. Archived from the original on 15 May 2010.
- ^ Chicca, A.; Schafroth, M. A.; Reynoso-Moreno, I.; Erni, R.; Petrucci, V.; Carreira, E. M.; Gertsch, J. (1 October 2018). "Uncovering the psychoactivity of a cannabinoid from liverworts associated with a legal high". Science Advances. 4 (10): eaat2166. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.2166C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2166. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6200358. PMID 30397641.