| Duho | |
|---|---|
| (proposed) | |
| Geographic distribution | Northwestern Amazon |
| Linguistic classification | Proposed as one of the world's primary language families |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | None |
Duho is a proposed language family of South America, uniting two proposed genetic groupings, Hodi–Saliban[1] and Ticuna–Yuri. This language family was proposed by Marcelo Jolkesky (2016), based on his previous but now disclaimed Macro-Daha family which had also included the Andoque–Urequena languages.[2]
Zamponi (2017) concludes that the similarities between Saliban and Hodɨ appear to be due to contact, but that a distant genealogical relationship between Betoi and Sáliban is plausible though not demonstrated. He does not address Ticuna–Yuri.[3]
Prehistory[edit]
Jolkesky (2016) suggests that the homeland of Proto-Duho was in the Serranía de Chiribiquete.[4]: 590
Language contact[edit]
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with Chibchan languages due to contact, which may point to the earlier presence of Chibchan speakers in the Orinoco basin.[4]: 325
Classification[edit]
Internal classification of the Duho language family by Jolkesky (2016):[4]
Pronouns[edit]
Jolkesky's Duho languages have shared forms in *ʧ for "I", *kʷ for "you" and *t for "we", which are found in all languages.
language I thou he she we they Ticuna ʧò- ku- dĩ- ɡĩ- /i- tò- ta-́ Yuri tshuu wikú di - too - Saliba ʧ- ũku, kʷ- Ø-, i-, -di x-, -x t- h- Piaroa ʧ(u)- (u)ku, kʷ- Ø-, -de hʷ-, -h t(u)- tʰ(a)- Wirö ʧ(V)- ɯkʷɯ, kʷ(V)- Ø- h(V)-, -h d(V)-, -dɯtʰɯ tʰ(V)- Hodi ʰtæ ʰkæ dæ - ʰtai hai Betoi r(u)- uhu, h(u)- Ø-, -ri Ø- r-, -nuto ?
Lexicon[edit]
Several basic words in Duho languages appear to be related. The following examples are given, with further parallels in Sape:
language tree mouth head hair path eat spirit offspring breast who what Ticuna dãi àː èrú ʧi bã̀ ɡõ̀ː ã́ẽ̀ dẽ́ biĩ́ tèẽ́ tàː Yuri noi i à gerühó ii -mó - - o nné - - - Saliba - aha iʤu - maa(-na) ikua õãĩ nẽ(-ẽ) omixe ã-diha ã-daha Piaroa dawi æ u(-ju) -ʦˀe mæ(-næ) ku ãẽ ĩtʰĩ ami di dæhe Wirö towi a u; -ʤu -ˀʤe ma(-na) ku(-õ) - ĩtʰĩ omu ti tahi Hodi ʰtawɯ a ʰtu - ma(-na); -ma ʰku-õ ãwẽ(-no) ĩni me(e) - - (Sape) tapa itu koyanukú, moynaku pa mu ko/ku - katona wi pante pemente
References[edit]
- ^ Rosés Labrada, J. E. 2015. Is Jodï a Sáliban Language? In: Workshop on historical relationships among languages of the Americas. Leiden, 2-5th September 2015, Universiteit Leiden.
- ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo. 2009. Macro-Daha: reconstrução de um tronco lingüístico do noroeste amazônico. ROSAE - I Congresso Internacional de Lingüística Histórica, 26–29 July 2009.
- ^ Zamponi, Raoul. 2017 (2018). Betoi-Jirara, Sáliban, and Hodɨ: relationships among three linguistic lineages of the mid-Orinoco region. Anthropological Linguistics 59: 263-321.
- ^ a b c Jolkesky, M. 2016. Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas. Brasilia: UnB. PhD Dissertation.