Diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSR), or ultra-low emittance storage rings, are synchrotron light sources where the emittance of the electron-beam in the storage ring is smaller or comparable to the emittance of the x-ray photon beam they produce at the end of their insertion devices. These facilities operate in the soft to hard x-ray range (100eV—100keV) with extremely high brilliance (in the order of 1021—1022 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1%BW)
Together with X-ray free-electron lasers, they constitute the fourth generation of light sources,[1] characterized by a relatively high coherent flux (in the order of 1014—1015photons/s/0.1%BW for DLSR) and enable extended physical and chemical characterizations at the nano-scale.
Existing diffraction-limited storage rings[edit]
- MAX IV Laboratory, in Lund, Sweden.
- Sirius, in Campinas, Brazil
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Extremely Brilliant Source (ESRF-EBS), in Grenoble, France
DLSR upgrade or facilities under construction[edit]
- Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U), in Argonne, Illinois, USA
- Swiss Light Source 2, Upgrade (SLS 2.0[2]), in Villigen, Switzerland
Planned or projected DLSR upgrades or new facilities[edit]
Upgrades[edit]
- PETRA IV, Upgrade (PETRA IV), at DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Advanced Light Source, Upgrade (ALS-U), in Berkeley, California, USA
- Diamond II (Diamond II), in Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
- ELETTRA 2.0 (Elettra 2.0), in Trieste, Italy
- ALBA II, in Barcelona, Spain[3]
- SOLEIL II, in Saint-Aubin, France[4]
New facilities[edit]
- High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), in Beijing, China[5][6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Yabashi, Makina; Tanaka, Hitoshi (2017). "The next ten years of X-ray science". Nature Photonics. 11: 12–14. doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.251.
- ^ Streun, Andreas; Garvey, Terence; Rivkin, Lenny; Schlott, Volker; Schmidt, Thomas; Willmott, Philip; Wrulich, Albin (2018). "SLS-2 – the upgrade of the Swiss Light Source". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. 25 (3): 631–641. doi:10.1107/S1600577518002722. PMC 5929351. PMID 29714174.
- ^ Alba Initiates Its Upgrade Process To Become A 4th Generation Facility
- ^ Conceptual Design Report for SOLEIL Upgrade, accessed 24 April 2023.
- ^ "China's next big thing: a new fourth-generation synchrotron facility in Beijing". Physics World. 2019-08-15. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
- ^ "Groundbreaking Ceremony at the High Energy Photon Source in Beijing". Synchrotron Radiation News. 2019. pp. 32:5, 40–40.