| Coast Miwok | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | California |
| Ethnicity | Coast Miwok |
| Extinct | 1978 with the death of Sarah Ballard[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | csi |
| Glottolog | coas1301 |
| ELP | Coast Miwok |
Coast Miwok was one of the Miwok languages spoken in California, from San Francisco Bay to Bodega Bay.[2] The Marin and Bodega varieties may have been separate languages. All of the population has shifted to English.
Grammar[edit]
According to Catherine A. Callaghan's Bodega Miwok Dictionary, nouns have the following cases, expressed with suffixes: present subjective, possessive, allative, locative, ablative, instrumental, and comitative. Sentences are most commonly subject-verb-object, but Callaghan says that "syntax is relatively free".[3]
Phonology[edit]
The following is the Bodega dialect:
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Stop | plain | p | t̪ ⟨t⟩ | t̠ ⟨ṭ⟩ | k | ʔ ⟨'⟩ | ||
| voiced | (b) | (d) | (ɡ) | |||||
| Affricate | tʃ ⟨c⟩ | |||||||
| Fricative | (f) | s | ʃ ⟨ṣ⟩ | h | ||||
| Tap | (ɾ) ⟨r⟩ | |||||||
| Approximant | w | l | j ⟨y⟩ | |||||
Phonemes in parentheses are introduced from Spanish loan words. Allophones of introduced sounds, /b ɡ/ include /β ɣ/.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
References[edit]
- ^ Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Coast Miwok at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b Callaghan, Catherine A. (1970). Bodega Miwok Dictionary. University of California Press.
- Callaghan, Catherine A. 1970. Bodega Miwok Dictionary. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Coast Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA006. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".
- Keeling, Richard. "Ethnographic Field Recordings at Lowie Museum of Anthropology," 1985. Robert H. Lowie Museum of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley. v. 2. North-Central California: Pomo, Wintun, Nomlaki, Patwin, Coast Miwok, and Lake Miwok Indians
External links[edit]
- Coast Miwok at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- Coast Miwok, California Language Archive
- OLAC resources in and about the Coast Miwok language
- Coast (Bodega) Miwok basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database
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